Hydraulic systems have become increasingly popular in modern machinery and equipment, including tractors. These systems rely on a series of components, including pumps, cylinders, and valves, to generate and control fluid power. One essential component in any hydraulic system is a check valve, which plays a crucial role in ensuring reliable and safe operation.
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A check valve, also known as a non-return valve, is a one-way valve that allows fluid to flow in only one direction. When the pressure of the fluid exceeds the spring force in the valve, the valve opens, allowing fluid to pass through. When the pressure drops below the spring force, the valve closes, preventing backflow of fluid. This function is critical in hydraulic systems, as it prevents fluid from flowing in the wrong direction, which can cause damage or lead to system failure.
There are different types of check valves, including ball valves, piston valves, and spring-loaded valves. Each type has its own advantages and disadvantages, depending on the specific application.
In hydraulic systems, check valves are commonly used to prevent pressure loss and maintain system efficiency. When a hydraulic cylinder extends, the fluid flows from the pump to the cylinder, and the pressure in the system increases. Without a check valve, the fluid could flow back to the pump, reducing the pressure and causing the cylinder to retract. This phenomenon, known as “cylinder creep,” can lead to poor system performance and reduced productivity. By installing a check valve in the system, the fluid can flow in only one direction, preventing cylinder creep and ensuring that the system operates as intended.
Another benefit of check valves in hydraulic systems is their ability to protect against pressure spikes and surges. When a valve or cylinder closes rapidly, it can create a sudden increase in pressure in the system. This pressure spike can damage the equipment or cause leaks in the system. These valves can help prevent pressure spikes by allowing fluid to flow freely when the pressure exceeds the set limit, thereby releasing the excess pressure and protecting the system from damage.
In tractors, hydraulic systems are essential for various functions, such as lifting and lowering implements, controlling steering, and powering attachments. A malfunction in the hydraulic system can result in reduced performance, increased fuel consumption, and costly repairs. By incorporating check valves in the system, tractor operators can ensure that the system operates reliably and safely, increasing productivity and reducing downtime.
In conclusion, check valves play a crucial role in hydraulic systems and tractors. They prevent backflow of fluid, prevent cylinder creep, protect against pressure spikes, and ensure reliable and safe operation. When designing or maintaining a hydraulic system, it is essential to consider the type of check valve required for the specific application and ensure that it is installed correctly. With the proper use of check valves, hydraulic systems and tractors can operate at peak performance, increasing productivity and reducing costs.
Summit Hydraulics carries many check valve varieties, from double pilot operated check valves to in-line check vales, that solve cylinder creep. Each one would be a valuable addition to any tractor or hydraulic system.
Figure 1: Inline check valve
A hydraulic check valve allows fluid flow in a single direction and protects important hydraulic system components. When properly installed, a hydraulic check valve can stop potentially contaminated fluid from mixing with the fluid reservoir, keep the system primed, and relieve pressure. This article will examine check valves' integral role in hydraulic systems. For a comprehensive check valve understanding, read our article on check valves.
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A hydraulic system uses an incompressible fluid, typically oil, to transmit force from one point to another. Because the fluid is incompressible, force is undiminished across the system. Different sized pistons at different points in the system allow for force multiplication (or division). For an example, consider a simple two-piston system: piston 1 and piston 2. Piston 2 has a surface area three times larger than piston 1. If a 100-kilogram downward force is applied to piston 1, a 300-kilogram upward force will appear in piston 2.
Figure 2 shows a basic hydraulic system. The incompressible fluid flows from the reservoir (Figure 2 labeled A) by a hand pump (Figure 2 labeled B) or a motor-driven pump (Figure 2 labeled C). Check valves (Figure 2 labeled D) at the discharge point of each pump keep the fluid from moving back into whichever pump is operating. The pressurized fluid moves to the actuating cylinder (Figure 2 labeled F), where it converts from hydraulic fluid energy to mechanical energy. The pressure relief valve (Figure 2 labeled E) remains closed unless the system's pressure overcomes the valve's cracking pressure. In this event, the relief valve opens, which allows the fluid to flow back to the reservoir and reduces pressure in the system. Finally, the filter (Figure 2 labeled G) ensures that any impurities picked up by the fluid do not enter the reservoir.
Figure 2: A basic hydraulic system with components: reservoir (A), hand pump (B), motor-driven pump (C), check valves (D), pressure relief valve (E), actuating cylinder (F), and filter (G). The three lines are suction (blue), pressure (red), and return (green).
As discussed in the previous section, a critical function of a hydraulic check valve is to prevent fluid from returning to the pump that suctions it from the reservoir. Other essential functions are:
It is important to note that the hydraulic check valve flow direction is important, and that incorrect installation can lead to hydraulic check valve failure, which can cause system inefficiencies and potentially damage hydraulic components.
Figure 3 shows p&id schematic symbols for hydraulic check valves: check valve with a spring (Figure 3 labeled A), check valve without a spring (Figure 3 labeled B), & pilot-operated check valve (Figure 3 labeled C).
Figure 3: Hydraulic check valve p&id schematic symbols: check valve with a spring (A), check valve without a spring (B), and pilot operated check valve (C).
Consider the valve's body and seal materials to choose a suitable check valve for a hydraulic application. For more information about materials, read our chemical resistance guide.
Suitable materials for hydraulic check valve bodies are:
Suitable materials for check valve seals are:
The use of a check valve in a hydraulic system is to allow pressurized fluid in a hydraulic system to flow in only one direction. This protects the system’s pump(s) and prevents contamination.
When the system’s pressure overcomes the check valve’s cracking pressure, the valve opens to relieve pressure in the system and protect valuable components.
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