The Essential Guide to Buying Spot Welding Machines

06 May.,2024

 

The Essential Guide to Buying Spot Welding Machines

Spot welding, a form of resistance welding, is a process used to join two or more metal sheets together by applying pressure and heat to the weld area. It involves the use of electrodes, typically made of copper, to apply an electric current to the metal pieces. This current generates heat due to the resistance in the materials, causing the metals to fuse together at a specific point or “spot.” The process is highly efficient for welding thin sheets of metal and is widely used in various industries due to its speed, reliability, and cost-effectiveness.

Contact us to discuss your requirements of high frequency drill welding machine. Our experienced sales team can help you identify the options that best suit your needs.

The evolution of spot welding machines has been marked by significant technological advancements. Early spot welders were large, stationary machines operated manually or by simple timers. As the demand for more precision and efficiency grew, technological improvements were made. The introduction of pneumatic and hydraulic systems allowed for better control over the welding pressure, enhancing the quality and consistency of the welds.

In the mid-20th century, the development of transistor technology and microprocessors brought about a new era in spot welding. Modern spot welders are equipped with sophisticated control systems that allow precise regulation of welding parameters such as current, force, and time. This has enabled the production of high-quality welds in a variety of metals and alloys, including those with high electrical conductivity or unique thermal properties.

Today, spot welding machines continue to evolve with the integration of advanced technologies such as robotics and computer numerical control (CNC), which offer greater automation, precision, and efficiency. These innovations have expanded the applications of spot welding in various industries, including aerospace, electronics, and construction, making it an indispensable tool in modern manufacturing processes.

This guide aims to serve as a comprehensive resource for understanding and navigating the complexities of spot welding machines. Our goal is to provide you with the essential knowledge and insights needed to make an informed decision when selecting a spot welding machine. We will navigate through the technical aspects, practical applications, and key considerations, ensuring that you are well-equipped with the information necessary to choose a machine that best suits your specific needs and applications. Whether you are a seasoned professional or new to the world of spot welding, this guide is your comprehensive companion, designed to demystify complexities and guide you towards a confident and informed choice in your spot welding endeavors.

Huge Savings on Spot Welders!

Check out our fantastic range of spot welding machines, electrodes and spares!

Shop Spot Welders

Types of Spot Welding Machines

Spot welding machines come in various designs and configurations, each suited to different applications and work environments. Understanding the types of spot welders available is crucial in selecting the right equipment for your specific needs. Here, we explore four primary types of spot welding machines: Portable, Bench, Pedestal, and Robotic Spot Welders.

Portable Spot Welders

  • Description: Portable spot welders are compact and lightweight, making them ideal for on-site repairs or small workshops where space is limited. They are designed for ease of mobility and can be easily transported to different locations.
  • Applications: These welders are commonly used in repair work, especially in automotive and construction industries, where mobility is essential. They are suitable for small-scale production or occasional welding tasks.
  • Advantages: The main advantage of portable spot welders is their flexibility and ease of use in various locations. They are also relatively simple to operate, making them accessible to users with varying levels of welding experience.

Bench Spot Welders

  • Description: Bench spot welders are designed to be mounted on workbenches, offering more stability and support for welding tasks. They are more powerful than portable models and provide greater control over the welding process.
  • Applications: These are ideal for manufacturing environments where small to medium-sized components are welded. They are commonly used in electronic, jewelry, and dental industries.
  • Advantages: Bench spot welders offer a balance between power and precision. Their stationary nature allows for more consistent welds and is suitable for repetitive tasks.

Pedestal Spot Welders

  • Description: Pedestal spot welders are larger and more powerful than bench models. They stand on their own and are equipped with a pedestal, giving the operator a comfortable working height.
  • Applications: These welders are used in industrial settings for welding larger and thicker materials. They are commonly found in automotive, aerospace, and heavy manufacturing industries.
  • Advantages: Pedestal spot welders provide high precision and control, especially for larger workpieces. Their robust design is suitable for high-volume production and can handle a wide range of materials.

Robotic Spot Welders

  • Description: Robotic spot welders represent the pinnacle of automation and precision in spot welding. These are highly advanced machines integrated with robotic arms, controlled by computer systems.
  • Applications: They are predominantly used in large-scale manufacturing, such as automotive assembly lines, where high speed, consistency, and precision are paramount.
  • Advantages: The primary advantage of robotic spot welders is their ability to perform complex and repetitive welding tasks with high efficiency and minimal human intervention. They offer unparalleled speed, accuracy, and consistency in welding.

Each type of spot welding machine offers unique benefits and is suited to specific applications. Understanding these differences is key to selecting the right spot welder for your specific requirements, ensuring optimal performance and efficiency in your welding projects.

Key Components of Spot Welding Machines

Spot welding machines consist of several critical components that work together to ensure efficient and effective welding. Understanding these components is essential for anyone looking to use or purchase a spot welding machine. This section covers the key components: Electrodes, Transformer, Controller, and Cooling System.

Electrodes

  • Types and Materials: Electrodes in spot welding machines are typically made from copper or copper alloys due to their excellent electrical conductivity and heat resistance. There are various types of electrodes, including flat, dome, pointed, and offset, each designed for specific welding applications and material thicknesses.
  • Maintenance: Regular maintenance of electrodes is crucial for consistent welding quality. This includes cleaning, reshaping, and occasionally replacing worn electrodes. Proper alignment and ensuring a clean contact surface are also essential for optimal performance.

Transformer

  • Role: The transformer in a spot welding machine is responsible for converting the high-voltage, low-current power supply into a low-voltage, high-current output suitable for welding. This transformation is crucial for generating the heat needed to weld materials.
  • Types: There are several types of transformers used in spot welding machines, including single-phase AC, three-phase AC, and DC transformers. The choice depends on the specific requirements of the welding application, such as the material type and thickness.

Controller

  • Functionality: The controller is the brain of the spot welding machine. It regulates the welding current, time, and pressure, ensuring that each weld is consistent with the pre-set parameters. This is crucial for achieving uniform weld quality across multiple welds.
  • Types: Controllers range from simple timer-based systems to sophisticated microprocessor-based controls. Advanced controllers offer features like programmable welding cycles, feedback systems, and integration with automation systems for precise control over the welding process.

Cooling System

  • Importance: The cooling system in a spot welding machine is essential for dissipating the heat generated during the welding process. It prevents overheating of the electrodes and the transformer, which can lead to equipment damage and reduced weld quality.
  • Types: Cooling systems can be air-cooled or water-cooled. Air-cooled systems are typically used in lower-duty applications, while water-cooled systems are preferred for high-duty cycles and industrial applications due to their superior cooling efficiency.

Each of these components plays a vital role in the operation of a spot welding machine. Understanding their functions and maintenance requirements is key to ensuring the longevity and efficiency of the equipment, as well as achieving high-quality welds in your projects.

Factors to Consider When Buying a Spot Welder

Selecting the right spot welder requires careful consideration of various factors to ensure that the equipment meets your specific needs. Here are key factors to consider:

Material Thickness and Type

The thickness and type of material are among the most critical factors in selecting a spot welder. This is because different materials and their thicknesses have unique electrical and thermal properties, which significantly influence the welding process. The effectiveness of a spot weld, in terms of strength and quality, is highly dependent on the welder’s ability to provide the appropriate amount of heat and pressure. Materials with high thermal conductivity require more energy to reach the necessary welding temperature, while those with high electrical resistance generate more heat at the weld point.

Considerations:

  • Range of Material Thickness: The spot welder you choose should be capable of handling the range of material thicknesses you plan to work with. Thinner materials require less welding current and pressure to avoid burn-through, while thicker materials need higher current and pressure to ensure proper weld penetration.
  • Material Type: Different materials react differently to spot welding. For instance, aluminum has high thermal conductivity and requires a welder with higher power output compared to steel. Stainless steel, known for its higher electrical resistance, also demands a welder that can deliver higher energy levels.
  • Welder Specifications: Check the welder’s specifications to ensure it matches the requirements of your materials. Look for the maximum and minimum material thicknesses the welder can handle and its adaptability to different types of metals.
  • Weld Quality: The quality of the weld is paramount. Ensure that the welder can produce consistent, high-quality welds on the types of materials you’ll be working with. This is particularly important in applications where weld integrity is critical, such as in structural or load-bearing components.
  • Adjustability: A welder with adjustable welding parameters (current, time, pressure) is beneficial. This allows for fine-tuning the welding process to accommodate various materials and thicknesses, ensuring optimal weld quality.
  • Testing and Trials: If possible, test the welder on samples of the materials you intend to use. This hands-on trial can provide valuable insights into the welder’s capability and suitability for your specific applications.

By giving careful consideration to the material thickness and type, you can select a spot welder that not only meets your current needs but also offers the versatility to handle a variety of welding tasks, ensuring a valuable and long-term addition to your welding equipment.

Power Supply Requirements

The power requirements of spot welders are a critical aspect to consider, as they directly impact the machine’s performance and suitability for specific tasks. Spot welders are rated based on the electrical current they draw, typically measured in amperes (amps). This rating is not just a measure of the power consumption but also an indicator of the welder’s capability to generate the necessary heat for welding.

  • Welder Power Rating: The power rating of a spot welder often determines the maximum thickness of metal it can effectively weld. Higher amperage welders can handle thicker materials, but they also consume more power.
  • Matching Power Supply: It’s essential to ensure that your power supply can adequately support the welder’s requirements. An undersupplied welder may not reach the necessary welding temperatures, leading to weak or incomplete welds.
  • Circuit Breaker Rating: Check the rating of the circuit breakers in your electrical system. The welder should be compatible with the breaker’s rating to prevent tripping during operation.

Electrical Infrastructure:

The existing electrical infrastructure of your workspace can greatly influence the type of spot welder you can effectively use. Not all electrical setups are created equal, and some welders may have specific requirements that need to be met.

  • Voltage Requirements: Some industrial-grade spot welders may require a higher voltage supply, such as 240V or 480V, compared to standard 120V outlets. Ensure that your workspace’s electrical system can provide the necessary voltage.
  • Three-Phase Power: High-powered welders, especially those used in industrial settings, may require three-phase power, which offers more consistent power delivery and efficiency for heavy-duty welding. This type of power is not available in all locations, particularly in residential areas or smaller workshops.
  • Electrical Upgrades: In cases where your current electrical infrastructure does not meet the requirements of the desired spot welder, consider the feasibility and cost of electrical upgrades. This may include installing new circuits, upgrading existing ones, or even bringing in a three-phase power supply.
  • Portable Generators: For locations without the necessary power infrastructure, portable generators might be a solution. However, ensure that the generator can provide stable and sufficient power for the welder’s needs.

By thoroughly understanding and evaluating the power supply requirements and the electrical infrastructure of your workspace, you can ensure that the spot welder you choose not only fits within your current setup but also operates efficiently and effectively, providing the desired welding outcomes.

Duty Cycle

The duty cycle is a critical specification in spot welding machines, indicating the duration a welder can operate at a specific output without the risk of overheating and needing a cool-down period. It is expressed as a percentage and is typically based on a 10-minute cycle. For example, a duty cycle of 60% means the welder can run continuously for 6 minutes at the specified output and then must cool down for the remaining 4 minutes.

Understanding Duty Cycle in Practical Terms:

  • Heat Management: The duty cycle is essentially a measure of a welder’s ability to manage heat. Prolonged use at high outputs generates significant heat, which can damage the machine if not properly managed.
  • Impact on Welding Operations: A higher duty cycle is particularly important in industrial settings where spot welding is continuous and production rates are high. A lower duty cycle means more frequent pauses in work to allow the machine to cool down, potentially affecting productivity.

Selection Criteria:

  • Assessing Workload: When choosing a spot welder, consider the intensity and frequency of your welding tasks. For heavy, continuous welding operations, a high duty cycle is essential to maintain productivity and reduce downtime.
  • Duty Cycle for Intensive Use: For industrial applications or workshops where welding is a constant activity, look for a welder with a duty cycle of 70% or higher. This will ensure that the welder can keep up with the demands of a busy work environment.
  • Duty Cycle for Occasional Use: If the welder is intended for occasional use, such as for small repairs or hobby projects, a lower duty cycle (e.g., 20-50%) may be entirely adequate. These welders are typically more affordable and can handle the sporadic nature of the work without overheating.
  • Balancing Cost and Efficiency: Higher duty cycle welders often come at a higher cost. Balance the need for a high duty cycle with your budget constraints. In some cases, investing in a higher duty cycle welder can be more cost-effective in the long run, especially if it means avoiding work stoppages and equipment damage.

Additional Considerations:

  • Environmental Factors: The ambient temperature in your workspace can affect the duty cycle. Hotter environments may reduce the effective duty cycle of the welder.
  • Cooling Systems: Welders with advanced cooling systems can often sustain higher duty cycles. Consider the efficiency of the cooling system when evaluating a welder’s duty cycle.

By understanding and considering the duty cycle in the context of your specific welding needs, you can select a spot welder that not only fits your operational requirements but also ensures longevity and reliability of the equipment under the conditions in which it will be used.

Control Systems and Automation

The control system of a spot welder is a key factor that determines the precision, ease of use, and versatility of the machine. Control systems in spot welders range from simple to highly sophisticated, catering to different levels of welding requirements and expertise.

  1. Manual Controls:
    • Description: Manual control systems are the most basic form of controls found in spot welders. They require the operator to manually adjust the welding parameters such as time, current, and pressure.
    • Suitability: Ideal for simpler applications where the welding conditions are relatively constant or where high precision is not critical. They are also a good choice for users who prefer hands-on control over the welding process.
  2. Semi-Automatic Controls:
    • Description: These systems offer a mix of manual and automated controls. Operators can set certain parameters, and the machine controls others automatically.
    • Benefits: They provide a balance between control and convenience, suitable for applications that require consistent quality but also need some level of manual intervention.
  3. Programmable Logic Controllers (PLCs):
    • Description: PLCs represent a more advanced control system. They allow for the programming of multiple welding parameters, enabling precise control over the welding process.
    • Advantages: PLCs are ideal for complex welding tasks that require high precision and repeatability. They can store multiple welding programs, making them suitable for applications that involve a variety of welding tasks.
  4. Computerized Numerical Control (CNC):
    • Description: CNC systems are at the forefront of welding technology, offering the highest level of automation and precision. They are computer-controlled and can be programmed for complex welding patterns and sequences.
    • Application: CNC systems are essential in high-volume production environments where precision and repeatability are paramount. They are commonly used in automotive and aerospace industries.

Automation Needs:

  • Precision and Repeatability: Automated control systems are crucial in environments where precision and repeatability are key. They ensure that each weld is consistent with the last, which is vital in high-quality manufacturing processes.
  • Volume of Production: In high-volume production settings, automated controls significantly enhance efficiency and productivity. They reduce the need for manual adjustments and allow for faster, more consistent welding cycles.
  • Complexity of Welding Tasks: For complex welding tasks, especially those involving intricate patterns or multiple welding points, automated controls provide the necessary precision and control.
  • Skill Level of Operators: Automated systems can compensate for varying skill levels among operators, ensuring consistent quality regardless of the operator’s expertise.
  • Integration with Other Systems: In advanced manufacturing setups, spot welders with automated controls can be integrated with other systems, such as robotic arms or conveyor belts, for a fully automated production line.

Considering the control systems and automation needs is crucial in selecting a spot welder that not only meets your current requirements but also aligns with future growth and technological advancements in your welding processes.

Size and Portability

The physical size of the spot welder is an important consideration, especially in environments where space is at a premium. The dimensions of the welder should be compatible with the available workspace, not only for operational efficiency but also for safety and ease of use.

  • Assessing Workspace Dimensions: Before selecting a spot welder, measure the available space in your workshop or facility. Consider not just the footprint of the welder but also the additional space needed for safe operation, including access for loading and unloading materials and maintenance activities.
  • Storage Considerations: If the welder will not be used continuously, think about storage options. A compact welder is easier to store when not in use, especially in multi-purpose workspaces.
  • Workbench Integration: For smaller or benchtop models, consider how the welder will integrate with existing workbenches or tables. Ensure that the work surface can support the weight and operational vibrations of the welder.

Portability: Portability is a key factor if the welder needs to be moved regularly, either within a single facility or to different locations. Portable welders offer flexibility but may have trade-offs in terms of power and capacity.

  • Lightweight and Compact Models: For maximum portability, look for welders that are lightweight and have a compact design. These models are easier to move and set up, making them ideal for on-site repairs or small workshops.
  • Mobility Features: Features like wheels or handles can significantly enhance the portability of a spot welder. Wheeled models are easier to move around, especially for heavier machines.
  • Transportation Needs: Consider how the welder will be transported if it needs to be moved between different sites. Some portable welders are designed to be easily loaded into a vehicle, while others might require more specialized transportation methods.
  • Power Source Considerations: For portable welders, consider the availability of a suitable power source at different locations. Battery-operated or generator-compatible models offer more flexibility in locations without convenient access to electrical outlets.

Balancing Size and Functionality:

  • Trade-offs: Be aware that there may be trade-offs between the size/portability of a welder and its capabilities. Smaller, more portable models might not have the same power or features as larger, stationary units.
  • Future Needs: Consider not only your current space and portability needs but also potential future changes in your workspace or operational requirements.

By carefully considering the size and portability of a spot welder in relation to your workspace constraints and mobility needs, you can select a machine that not only fits physically in your environment but also aligns with your operational workflow and flexibility requirements.

Common Features of Spot Welders

  1. Microprocessor Control: Advanced spot welders often incorporate microprocessor controls for precise regulation of the welding process. This technology ensures consistent weld quality and allows for fine-tuning of welding parameters.
  2. Pneumatic Operation: Pneumatic systems are commonly used in spot welders for efficient and effortless operation. This feature enhances the ease of use and can improve the speed of the welding process.
  3. Advanced Welding Features: Features such as pre-weld current settings, pulse functions, and constant current modes are available in higher-end models. These advanced options allow for greater control and adaptability in various welding situations.
  4. Energy Efficiency: Modern spot welders are designed with energy efficiency in mind, helping to reduce electricity consumption and operational costs.
  5. Cooling Systems: Water cooling systems are a standard feature in many spot welders. They help maintain optimal operating temperatures, prolonging the machine’s life and allowing for extended use without overheating.
  6. Safety and Ergonomics: Safety features like heat-resistant covers, emergency stop buttons, and thermal overload protection are commonly included. Ergonomic design and portability features, such as lightweight construction or wheels, are also considered for user convenience.
  7. Customization and Versatility: Spot welders often offer customizable options like interchangeable arms and electrodes to accommodate different welding requirements and workpiece sizes.
  8. Built-in Electronic Timers: Integrated electronic timers with adjustable cycle settings are a standard feature, allowing users to control the duration and intervals of the welding process accurately.
  9. Durable Construction: Durable materials and construction, such as robust electrode holders and high-grade insulation on transformers, are typical to ensure longevity and consistent performance.
  10. User-Friendly Interface: Clear and intuitive interfaces are a key feature, with displays and controls that allow easy adjustment of welding parameters and monitoring of the process.
  11. Compliance with Standards: Adherence to relevant safety and quality standards is a crucial aspect, providing assurance of the equipment’s reliability and safety.

These common features across various spot welders highlight the focus on precision, efficiency, safety, and user-friendliness in their design, catering to a wide range of applications from automotive bodywork to industrial fabrication.

Safety Features

Safety is paramount in any welding operation. Spot welders, with their high electrical currents and heat generation, come with inherent risks. Therefore, it’s crucial to consider the safety features of a spot welder to protect both the operator and the equipment. Here’s an expanded look at essential safety features and compliance standards:

Essential Features:

  1. Heat-Resistant Covers: Given the high temperatures involved in spot welding, heat-resistant covers are essential. They protect the operator from accidental burns and reduce the risk of fire hazards in the workplace.
  2. Emergency Stop Buttons: An easily accessible emergency stop button is a critical safety feature. It allows the operator to immediately shut down the machine in case of an emergency, preventing accidents and equipment damage.
  3. Thermal Overload Protection: This feature helps prevent the welder from overheating. It automatically shuts down the machine if it exceeds a certain temperature, protecting the internal components from heat damage and reducing the risk of fire.
  4. Insulation and Grounding: Proper insulation and grounding of the welder are crucial to prevent electrical shocks. Ensure that the welder has adequate insulation on all electrical components and is properly grounded.
  5. Safety Interlocks: Safety interlocks prevent the welder from operating under unsafe conditions, such as when the cover is open or if a safety guard is not in place.
  6. Fume Extraction: Some spot welders come with fume extraction systems or are compatible with external systems. This is important for maintaining air quality and reducing the inhalation of harmful fumes.
  7. Arc Flash Protection: In certain types of spot welding, there’s a risk of arc flash – a dangerous burst of energy from the weld point. Welders with arc flash protection help mitigate this risk.

Compliance:

  • Industry Standards: Ensure that the spot welder complies with relevant industry standards and regulations. This may include standards set by organizations like the American Welding Society (AWS), Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA), or specific electrical and machinery safety standards relevant to your region.
  • Certifications: Look for certifications from recognized bodies that indicate the welder has been tested and meets specific safety criteria. Certifications might include CE marking in Europe, UL listing in the United States, or others depending on your location.
  • Manufacturer’s Safety Record: Research the manufacturer’s safety record and reputation in the industry. Manufacturers with a strong commitment to safety are more likely to produce reliable and safe equipment.
  • Training and Manuals: Ensure that the spot welder comes with comprehensive user manuals and safety guidelines. Proper training for operators on the safe use of the equipment is also crucial.

By prioritizing safety features and compliance with safety standards, you not only protect the operators and other personnel but also ensure the longevity and reliability of the spot welding equipment. This proactive approach to safety can also help in avoiding costly accidents and potential legal issues.

Using a Tool Balancer with a Spot Welder

A tool balancer is a device used to suspend and balance heavy tools, like spot welders, in a position that makes them easier and safer to manipulate. It is particularly useful in reducing operator fatigue, improving precision, and enhancing safety in repetitive welding tasks.

Benefits of Using a Tool Balancer with a Spot Welder:

  1. Reduced Operator Fatigue: By counterbalancing the weight of the spot welder, a tool balancer makes it easier for operators to maneuver the welder, especially during prolonged use.
  2. Increased Precision: Balancers allow for smoother and more controlled movement of the spot welder, leading to more precise placement and better quality welds.
  3. Enhanced Safety: Reduces the risk of strain injuries and accidents caused by handling heavy equipment, as the balancer supports the weight of the welder.
  4. Improved Productivity: Operators can work faster and more efficiently as the tool balancer minimizes the physical effort required to position and use the spot welder.

Choosing the Right Tool Balancer:

  1. Weight Capacity: Ensure the tool balancer can support the weight of your specific spot welder model. Overloading the balancer can lead to equipment failure and safety hazards.
  2. Range of Motion: Consider the required range of motion for your welding tasks. The balancer should allow for easy movement across the necessary work area.
  3. Mounting Options: Tool balancers can be mounted on overhead systems, workbenches, or mobile frames. Choose a mounting option that best fits your workspace and workflow.
  4. Adjustability: Look for balancers with adjustable tension settings, allowing you to fine-tune the balance based on the tool’s weight and operator preference.

Installation and Usage Tips:

  1. Secure Installation: Ensure the tool balancer is securely installed and regularly check its mountings and fittings for any signs of wear or loosening.
  2. Balancing the Tool: Adjust the balancer to perfectly counterbalance the weight of the spot welder, ensuring it remains in position when not actively being moved.
  3. Training: Train operators on how to properly use the tool balancer with the spot welder, emphasizing the importance of not exceeding the weight limit and how to adjust the tension.
  4. Regular Maintenance: Regularly inspect and maintain the tool balancer, checking for any signs of damage or wear, especially in the cables or springs.

Safety Considerations:

  1. Regular Inspections: Regularly inspect the tool balancer for any signs of wear, especially in high-stress components like cables and springs.
  2. Avoid Overextension: Teach operators to avoid overextending the balancer’s range, as this can lead to mechanical stress and potential failure.
  3. Emergency Procedures: Establish procedures for safely handling situations where the tool balancer might fail or when the spot welder becomes unbalanced.

Incorporating a tool balancer with a spot welder can significantly improve the ergonomics and efficiency of welding operations. By carefully selecting, installing, and maintaining the tool balancer, you can enhance the overall safety and productivity of your welding tasks.

By carefully evaluating these factors, you can choose a spot welder that not only meets your current requirements but also offers flexibility for future projects. This approach ensures a wise investment in equipment that will serve your welding needs effectively and safely over time.

Maintenance and Safety

Routine Maintenance Tips:

  1. Regular Inspection: Conduct regular inspections of the spot welder, focusing on the condition of electrodes, electrical cables, and connections. Look for signs of wear, damage, or loose connections.
  2. Cleaning: Keep the welder clean from dust, dirt, and welding debris. Accumulated debris can lead to overheating and electrical malfunctions.
  3. Electrode Maintenance: Check the electrodes regularly for wear and alignment. Misaligned or worn electrodes can result in poor weld quality. Replace or dress the electrodes as needed.
  4. Cooling System Check: For welders with a cooling system, regularly check for proper coolant levels and signs of leaks. Ensure the cooling system is functioning efficiently to prevent overheating.
  5. Lubrication: Lubricate moving parts as per the manufacturer’s guidelines to ensure smooth operation and prevent wear.
  6. Software Updates: For welders with digital controls or PLCs, keep the software updated to ensure optimal performance and access to new features or bug fixes.

Safety Precautions and Best Practices:

  1. Personal Protective Equipment (PPE): Always wear appropriate PPE, including welding gloves, eye protection, and fire-resistant clothing.
  2. Workspace Safety: Keep the welding area clean and free of flammable materials. Ensure good ventilation to avoid the accumulation of toxic fumes.
  3. Electrical Safety: Always turn off and unplug the welder before performing any maintenance. Follow lockout/tagout procedures as necessary.
  4. Training: Ensure all operators are properly trained in the safe use of the spot welder and are aware of the specific safety features of the equipment.
  5. Emergency Procedures: Familiarize yourself and your team with emergency procedures, including how to use the emergency stop button and first-aid measures for welding-related injuries.

Troubleshooting Common Issues:

  1. Weak Welds: If the welds are consistently weak, check the electrode pressure, heat settings, and the condition of the electrodes.
  2. Overheating: If the welder overheats frequently, check the duty cycle compliance, cooling system functionality, and ensure the welder is not overloaded.
  3. Electrical Problems: Issues like erratic welding performance or failure to start may indicate electrical problems. Inspect electrical connections, cables, and switches.
  4. Inconsistent Weld Quality: Variability in weld quality can be due to misaligned electrodes, incorrect settings, or fluctuations in power supply. Regular calibration and maintenance can help mitigate these issues.
  5. Noise or Vibration: Unusual noise or vibration during operation may indicate loose components or mechanical issues. Inspect and tighten any loose parts and check for signs of wear or damage.

Regular maintenance and adherence to safety practices are crucial for the efficient and safe operation of a spot welder. By proactively addressing maintenance needs and following best safety practices, you can ensure the longevity of the equipment and the safety of its operators.

Welding Equipment: Techniques, Technologies and Industrial ...

Blog

Advances in welding technology continue to create efficiencies for the businesses who adopt them. Applying best practices help ensure weld quality and efficiency.

The Beginner’s Guide to Welding a Tee Joint (With Tips)

Share

Welding can range anywhere from simple joins and primary connections to fantastically elaborate art, but it all boils down to a small handful of techniques leveraged with mastery. Even master welders needed to start somewhere, and that somewhere is learning the different kinds of joints. Of the five types of joints, the Tee Joint is among the easiest to understand.

Welding can range anywhere from simple joins and primary connections to fantastically elaborate art, but it all boils down to a small handful of techniques leveraged with mastery. Even master welders needed to start somewhere, and that somewhere is learning the different kinds of joints. Of the five types of joints, the Tee Joint is among the easiest to understand.

What is a Tee Joint?

Different welding joints refer to various positions and angles of the two pieces of material being welded together. Tee joints are one of several kinds of joints, including butt joints, lap joints, and others.

Tee joints, also known as T joints, refer to the shape of the materials making a perpendicular connection, like a T. It doesn’t have to be precisely 90 degrees, but a right-angle connection is by far the most common. Though deceptively simple in shape, you can make tee joints with various weld types.

Tee joints are most often used when the requirements are simple: two materials need to be connected perpendicularly and aren’t shaped oddly. They are also common in machine applications and structural welding. Think table legs attaching to a table or pipes to a cross-member for a railing.

A tee joint may be welded on one side of the material, or it can be welded on both sides. For example, when joining two flat pieces of metal, both sides of the vertical member are easily accessible and can be welded. When joining a pipe to a flat surface, the outer side is accessible, but the inner is not. Additionally, for added penetration and strength, the weld may use plugs from the back side of the cross-piece.

The Difference Between a Weld and a Joint

In welding, it’s important to distinguish between a weld and a joint. Both are essential to any connection, and knowing which to use in which situation is part of learning and mastering welding.

A weld is a method in which two materials are joined, and any grinding or drilling is necessary to prepare the materials. Different kinds of welds lend different types of strength to the resulting joint. The most superficial tee joints are welded using a primary fillet weld; the materials are placed against each other, and the weld adheres them together. More complex versions involve beveled welds, J-welds, plug welds, slot welds, or melt-through welds.

So: a joint is the position of the materials, and a weld is how they are connected. 

The needs of the finished product largely determine the choice of the weld. For example, a simple fillet weld is usually satisfactory if the joint is mainly cosmetic and does not need a high degree of strength. Conversely, if the joint is expected to bear significant loads or withstand lamellar tearing, more thorough preparations will be necessary.

The Pros and Cons of a Tee Joint

Tee joints are simple joints with many avenues to make them more complex and robust.

Typically, a tee joint is simple and relatively easy/fast to produce. When done correctly, tee joints can be pretty strong. However, they must be done correctly; if the materials are thick, you must prepare the edges, and additional support may be necessary.

The most significant risk is lamellar tearing, where the base material cracks due to inclusions and imperfections in the metal, and the contraction is caused by the welding heat. Lamellar tearing occurs because of tensile stress, which can limit the utility of the tee joint.

Tee joints can also be deceptive. With basic fillet welding, a joint can look and feel solid while only being adhered to on a surface level, meaning the joint will be prone to failure. With thicker materials or materials that will need to bear the stress, you must ensure that proper penetration into the metal fully adheres to the pieces.

How to Weld a Tee Joint

Welding a tee joint is simple, and it’s often a great introduction to welding. Here’s how to do it. For this article, we assume that you’re using an appropriate kind of welding (between stick, TIG, and MIG) and that you have the necessary equipment. If you’re still learning, your mentor should be able to provide you with what you need.

As a quick primer:

  • Stick welding is the oldest process and involves consumable sticks of electrodes. It’s cheap, versatile, and easy but also prone to molten spatter and slag, requiring more finishing. Stick welding is also the best outdoors and requires the least cleaning.
  • MIG (Metal Inert Gas) welding uses an automatic feed process for its electrode and shielding gas to protect the weld from atmospheric contamination. It’s easy to learn but more expensive and often requires enough equipment that there are better choices than this if you need a portable solution. It also requires more pre-weld cleaning.
  • TIG (Tungsten Inert Gas) welding is the most complex and high-skill version of welding, most used by artists and artisans. It provides the cleanest and strongest welds but the most coordination and care and the most preparation.

Picking the right kind of welding is essential. However, as a beginner, you will likely be starting with either stick or MIG welding and learning the ins and outs of the process before digging deeper into the most appropriate kind of welding for each job.

 

Step 1: Safety

Welding, when done correctly, is a safe process for both hobbyists and career practitioners. However, it has many different ways to go wrong, so safety is paramount.

Make sure you have an appropriate safety checklist before starting any weld.

  • Ensure you have the appropriate safety equipment, including welding gloves, a helmet or mask, a jacket or apron, and work boots. You may also consider a respirator, depending on the kind of welding and the location where you’re working.
  • Work in an appropriate location, outdoors, in a welding shop, or in an otherwise safe area. Be wary of nearby flammable objects, and make sure you have safety tools, such as a fire extinguisher, fire blanket, and eye wash bottle.
  • Ensure proper ventilation when welding.
  • Take care of electrical safety, and ensure your equipment is in good working order.

Welding safety is critical, so take this step, no matter how deep into welding you delve.

Step 2: Prepare Your Materials

Impurities are the enemy of solid welds. Before welding metal, you must prepare that metal. There are two kinds of preparation; you must do the first for every joint, and the second depends on the type of weld.

To prepare your materials, you’ll need an angle grinder to remove surface materials, mill scale, dirt, paint, and any other impurities that can get between the two pieces of metal and your filler material. Remember lamellar tearing? Lamellar tearing can be minimized or avoided in various ways, including cleaning. Welding two pieces without adequately cleaning them will result in those impurities baked into the weld, weakening it for inevitable failure.

It’s also a good idea to clean a spot for your ground clamp to ensure a solid connection and reduce the risk of stray shocks.

At this point, you would typically be thinking of what kind of joint to use, but as we’re discussing tee joints, that choice is made for us. So, now you must consider what type of weld to use.

  • Fillet welds do not require further preparation of the materials and are best used when strength is not needed or when the materials are thin.
  • Beveled welds grind a straight, diagonal cross-section from the vertical member of the T, creating more space for the filler metal and deeper penetration. These are commonly used when a stronger weld is needed and for pipe welding.
  • J-welds are similar to beveled welds, except they leave more material at the curve of the J. This technique gives the weld more strength, similar to the beveled weld, but leaves more material in the contact surface, so there’s a more significant margin of error.
  • Plug or Slot welds involve drilling or grinding holes in the flat member of the T to create plugs or slots of filler material to lend additional strength to the joint. These require further preparation but form a stronger joint.

Note that the choice between a J or a V bevel primarily comes down to the tools you have on hand. A J is usually better if you have a tool to produce the bevel. J welds are slightly more robust and easier to do but are harder to bevel by hand uniformly.

Basic fillet welding is fine for practice welds or simple bevels to practice something more complex.

Step 3: Take Position and Tack Weld

High-quality welding requires even, thorough, steady handling of your welding gun. To facilitate this, you want yourself and your materials to be positioned such that you need to move as little as possible to perform the weld. Practice moving the gun across the weld, maintaining a steady hand. Reposition if you encounter something in your way or would otherwise need to reposition mid-weld.

Next, you’ll want to secure the two pieces using a tack weld. Tack welding is performed by making small dots of weld to hold the materials in place for the final weld. This step is also your last opportunity to verify accurate positioning, angles, and squaring of the materials. No one wants to weld a T only to find it looks more like a 7!

After you have tacked the vertical member in place, you are ready to begin the final weld.

Step 4: Lay the First Bead

You move your welding gun over a joint and deposit filler material when welding a joint. The pattern in which you do this is called a bead. The simplest bead is a stringer, a single straight bead across the joint being welded.

Different kinds of beads allow you to create more comprehensive welds and better control the heat in your weld. For example, this image shows multiple motions, such as waves, triangles, and ladders:

Other types of beads include weaving actions of various sorts. You can learn more about these kinds of beads here.

A simple stringer bead is all you need for a practice weld and a beginner welder. Later, you can practice other kinds of beads, different positions for welding, and different circumstances in which welding can go wrong. After all, it’s just as important to know how things fail as it is to understand how they go right, so you can recognize it and learn to adjust.

If your materials are particularly thick, you may need to lay more than one bead. You may also need to return to step 2 to re-clean the weld for a second pass to prevent slag from contaminating and weakening the joint.

Step 5: Grind and Finish

Once your weld is complete, it’s time to finish it.

If your weld is not going to be visible, or if the overall look of the weld doesn’t matter, then you’re done. Unfinished welds can look beautiful in the hands of a professional, but they may also be susceptible to rust when exposed to the elements. Welds are often the first area in construction to rust.

 

So, you may need to finish the weld. Completing a weld can involve:

  • Grinding the weld to remove slag left over from the welding process (particularly with stick welding).
  • Grinding to smooth out unevenness in the weld itself (which is familiar with beginners and those with trouble keeping steady hands.)
  • Paint and other treatments for the finished product.

If you are planning to grind your joint, you should exercise caution. It’s effortless to over-grind and to weaken (or even remove) your weld entirely, separating your pieces and leaving you back at square one. While that can give you a good source of another round of practicing, it’s not a habit you want to get into.

Conclusion

Welding is an essential skill for any tradesperson, and at the same time, it is one of the most satisfying. There are many different types of welds, but the tee joint is one of the most common, so if you’ve been looking for a good beginner’s guide, this should help.

We recommend reading these two articles for more information on the basics: welding safety and welding equipment.

If there’s anything in particular that you’re wondering about, then please don’t hesitate to contact us!

Steel-Aluminum Welding: Issues and Work-Arounds

Share

Steel-Aluminum Welding Introduction (Applications)

Steel and aluminum (and its alloys) are among the most widely used structural materials in the world. Steel has been used by human beings for several millennia in construction, transportation, warfare and many other industries. Aluminum doesn’t have nearly the same tenure being only discovered by Hans Christian Ørsted in 1825 and the ore refining process being more complex than iron ore.
Ever since its discovery aluminum has gained extensive use due to its low weight compared to most metals. Due to the desire for more lightweight designs, aluminum is becoming increasingly employed. However, steel and other alloys have significantly higher strength and higher operating temperature than aluminum. The requirements for high strength from steel and lower weight in aluminum generate the need for steel-aluminum dissimilar joining.

Issues

Steel and aluminum are rarely, if ever, directly welded together via fusion welding like TIG and MIG welding due to the brittle intermetallic compounds that form in the fusion zone. The brittle intermetallic compounds may affect the ductility of the weld and high temperature properties of both metals. The specific intermetallic compounds formed largely depends on the specific steel and aluminum alloy being formed. Additionally, steel and aluminum have different coefficients of thermal expansion, so in elevated or cryogenic temperatures, the steel and aluminum will be subject to thermally-induced stresses since the metals will not expand at the same rate.

Bolting and Fastening

There are a few solutions if you find yourself in need of steel-aluminum welding. Starting with the simplest option, bolting and fastening is one way to join steel to aluminum while avoiding several of the drawbacks. As long as the steel-aluminum joint is primarily structural, bolting is one of the more cost-effective ways of joining. Bolting and fastening, however, is not recommended to for joints that must be seamless such as for a pipe joint because the joint is not airtight or watertight. Furthermore, bolting aluminum to steel requires electrical insulation in the presence of salt water or other conductors. A plastic washer will accomplish the electrical insulation goal. Keep in mind that using a plastic washer may limit your operating temperature.

Interlayers

Another well-known option is inserting an interlayer prior to welding. The purpose of the interlayer is to provide a “barrier” to direct interaction between steel and aluminum, preventing the formation of the intermetallic compounds. Additionally, an interlayer can help ease the thermal stresses induced by the difference in coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) Thus, the interlayer must be thick enough to prevent interaction between iron and aluminum and, in the case of thermal and cryogenic, have a CTE between steel and aluminum.

Most interlayers for steel-aluminum joining are bimetallic transition inserts that can be purchased from many companies. Bimetallic inserts for steel-aluminum welding are typically aluminum in one section and steel in the other. When welding with bimetallic inserts, always consult the manufacturer documentation for proper utilization and details about the metallic insert composition, but most are compatible with MIG, TIG, and GMA welding.

Not that not all aluminum alloys and steels are the same or have the same weldability. For instance, some 7000 series of aluminum tend to be difficult to weld. Be mindful that commercially-provided bimetallic inserts are meant to fit specific structures and not necessarily suitable for more customized or irregular structures. Therefore, do proper research before purchasing a bimetallic insert.

Some academic articles report using a copper interlayer for joining steel to aluminum. Keep in mind that copper can form intermetallic phases with aluminum, some of which are beneficial to aluminum, and does not tend to do so with steel. Another interesting development was using a Al0.5FeCoCrNi interlayer to weld 6061-T6 aluminum to St-12 low carbon steel in an academic article published in the Intermetallics journal in 2020. Using a material other than marketed bimetallic inserts may have more flexibility in terms of accommodating customized or irregular structure and may come as a foil, welding wire, or powder.

Coatings

The last common steel-aluminum joining remedy is to coat one or both sides of the joint with a different metal prior to welding. The most common one for steel-aluminum welding is hot dip aluminizing which coats the steel side of the joint with aluminum. When using this technique, only melt the aluminum and be sure that the arc does not touch the steel! Touching the steel with the arc will cause the aluminum coating and the steel to melt and react to form intermetallic phases. While the aluminum coating does adhere to the steel, it is not actually bonded and the strength of the joint is not as strong as steel-steel or aluminum-aluminum joints.

Other coatings can be used such as copper when welding aluminum to steel. For hot dip coating, it is generally a safer bet to coat the steel since aluminum would also melt in a pool of liquid copper. In general, dip coating is more flexible than using bimetallic inserts since dip coating can conform to most geometries.

Electroplating is a “cold” coating option that does not involve any molten metal and is not used as frequently for welding compared to the above options. Electroplating uses controlled electrolysis to transfer the desired metal coating from the anode (made of the same metal as the desired coating) to the cathode (the part being plated). Aluminum can be electroplated with copper, but steel cannot. If you choose aluminum as the piece to be electroplated, your joining options are typically limited to spot welding, high-precision laser welding, brazing, and emerging solid state welding processes.

For more information, please visit diamond concrete core drill bits.

Keep in mind that electroplating can be a rather slow process that can take several minutes and the surface area of the workpiece that can be plated depends on the size of the container holding the plating solution and the amount of current you can generate. When electroplating, having a current or voltage that is too high will cause the plating process to proceed out of control as seen by dendrites growing on the workpiece surface.

If the cathode and anode are not parallel to each other, then the electric field that governs the electroplating process will be uneven and so will the coating thickness. The plating may have poor adhesion of the process is not well controlled or the surface is not well cleaned. If the current or voltage is too low then the electroplating will either be slowed or not work at all. As such, electroplating is recommended only for relatively small, flat work pieces and not large structural pieces.

Geometry considerations

One other consideration to note is the geometric requirements of your welding operation. If welding something with a very specific geometry like a hollow part made by additive manufacturing, you may consider using a brazing over welding to avoid damaging the structure via torch brazing or induction heating. Keep in mind this may require a filler metal that is guaranteed to melt before the geometry-sensitive part will melt and is compatible with both materials.

Closing remarks

When considering your steel-aluminum welding needs ask the following questions:

  • What is the purpose of the steel-aluminum joint?
  • What type of steel and aluminum are you welding?
  • What are your load-bearing requirements?
  • What are your thermal requirements?
  • Are there any environmental factors to consider (i.e. thermal, corrosive, gas, etc.)?

The Welding Equipment Used in Automotive Shops

Share

Whether you are a professional or amateur gearhead, the automotive shop you work in requires a lot of tools, technology, and know-how to bring a project from start to finish. In that process, welding is one of many critical skills in the world of automotive fabrication and repair. Like all skills, staying sharp on the tools and techniques used in automotive welding can certainly pay dividends by making your work higher quality, faster, and easier.

Welding Processes for Intake and Exhaust Fabrication & Repair

Intake and exhaust components often utilize either Gas Metal Arc Welding (aka MIG) or Gas Tungsten Arc Welding (aka TIG). When comparing the two processes, TIG offers a much greater degree of control at the expense of speed and ease of use while MIG offers improved speed and ease of use at the expense of precision. It is possible to fabricate complete systems using either process, but muffler repair shops working on consumer-grade and OEM components typically employ MIG, while custom fabrication typically employs TIG.

(more…)

The Advantages of Inverter Welders

Share

If you’re searching for a welding machine, you may stumble across descriptions such as “transformer” or “inverter.” If you are unsure which is best for your application, at least know this: transformer and inverter welders are perfectly capable of producing high-quality welds. However, keep in mind that most new models produced by industry-leading manufacturers are inverter-based.

(more…)

TIG Welding Aluminum

Share

 

Tungsten Inert Gas (TIG) welding—more formally known as Gas Tungsten Arc Welding (GTAW)—is well-suited for welding aluminum. Although the process is significantly slower than GMAW (MIG), TIG welding offers unmatched control of weld penetration and profile. This level of control is enhanced by the features available on modern TIG welders.

(more…)

The benefits of using an engine-driven welder generator

Share

When it is tough to bring the workpiece to a source of power, it is often necessary to bring the power source to the workpiece. By combining the capability of a welding power source with the functionality of a portable generator, the engine-driven welder generator often becomes one of the most versatile pieces of equipment on the jobsite.

Engine-driven welder generator rentals power all sorts of job sites. The “mobile welding rig”—a work truck outfitted with an “engine driven” welder— is a common sight alongside the spans of onshore pipelines, heavy equipment in need of repair, or structural and bridge construction sites. Of course, equipment trailers are a popular accessory for those who need to free up bed space.

A vast array of equipment power plants and feature sets ensure that both the home hobbyist and professional welding outfit can access the power and processes they need in the field. A home hobbyist unit may start out having a gasoline engine providing a 4.5 kW single-phase maximum output while some of the largest dual-operator units are diesel-powered and offer maximum three-phase outputs of approximately 25 kW.

(more…)

Lincoln’s Dual Maverick Diesel Engine Driven Welder

Share

Lincoln’s Dual Maverick Diesel Engine Driven Welder

 

How did the Dual Maverick 200/200X get its name? When you glance at the front panel of this diesel engine-driven welder, you might start seeing double: two front panels and two sets of output lugs. As the name implies, the Dual Maverick 200/200X is a dual-operator welding power source. The 24.8 horsepower water-cooled Kubota diesel engine in the Dual Maverick has the capacity to allow two welding operators to weld independently of one another.

The alternative is to supply each welding operator with their own engine-driven welding machine, but this approach has drawbacks. Placing this extra equipment on the jobsite creates additional clutter and requires additional maintenance. Likewise, the one welder/one welding machine approach is less fuel-efficient. Lincoln Electric claims that a multi-user welding machine like the Maverick Dual 200/200X can reduce fuel and maintenance expenses by up to 33% per 1000 hours, which equates to approximately one year of “typical” use.

(more…)

Cutting Aluminum with a Plasma Cutter

Share


Aluminum alloys continue to gain popularity in metal fabrication worldwide due in part to the ease with which these alloys can be fabricated—bent, welded, and most importantly, cut. The ease at which aluminum can be cut to shape and size can have a big influence on the cost and quality of subsequent operations and the final component itself. As with steel, the use of plasma arc cutting (PAC) on aluminum alloys is a popular choice for quickly producing high-quality cuts.

Speed is one of the greatest justifications for plasma arc cutting aluminum over mechanical cutting methods. Laser cutting can certainly exceed the speed of plasma but is not without its own process disadvantages. Waterjet cutting certainly has advantages over plasma from a metallurgical and edge quality perspective. Instead, cutting aluminum with plasma provides an excellent balance of speed, quality, and cost. Compared to these other processes, it has a notably lower capital investment and is also simpler to implement as a handheld process for in-service repairs in both the field and shop.

(more…)

Tools To Use For Flux Core Welding

Share

Equipment for Flux Core Welding

Like shielded metal arc welding (SMAW, stick), Flux Core Welding (FCAW) is a popular welding process that uses the assistance of flux within a tubular wire to help produce high-quality welds. Unlike shielded metal arc welding, flux cored welding can be divided into two distinct processes: self-shielded flux-cored arc welding (FCAW-S) and gas-shielded flux-cored arc welding (FCAW-G).

Both the home hobbyist and professional welder will encounter situations where one process is advisable over the other. FCAW-G is most often used indoors, while FCAW-S is typically used outdoors. To maximize productivity and quality, welders should become familiar with the welding tools and equipment of both processes so that they can quickly setup and operate whichever process is best for their application and welding environment.

(more…)

Aluminum Welding: Challenges and Considerations

Share

Aluminum welding is one of the most critical processes in manufacturing. By understanding the challenges of aluminum welding, manufacturers can produce stronger and more reliable products. Aluminum is a unique material that requires special techniques to weld properly. It is valued for it’s lightness and is often used in aircraft construction.  This guide will discuss the different steps involved in the aluminum welding process and why you must follow a specific protocol when welding with this material.
(more…)

Welding Rental for Beginners: Which Type of Welder Should I Rent?

Share

With welding, as in many things, having the right tools is crucial. As a beginning welder, the appropriate equipment varies depending on the type of welding work you plan to accomplish. There isn’t a one-size-fits-all option; the proper welder for working in a steel mill or auto shop is often out of place on a construction site or in your personal workshop at home. A welder rental provides the opportunity to find the best fit for your needs.

To put your best foot forward, take the time to learn about the different types of welding and the equipment involved. As a newcomer to the field, you can discover the important facts in the following welder rental FAQ resource.
(more…)

Choosing the Right Welding Method When Renting a Welder

Share

Selecting the Right Welding Method


When thinking about renting welding equipment, many contractors imagine visiting a local hardware shop with a small selection of soil compactors and other basic items. In reality, today’s rental solutions are nothing like that. You can find high-quality precision machinery maintained in optimal condition, from plasma cutters to TIG rentals

With professional welder rental, companies in countless industries are able to reach their goals on time and within budget:

  • Construction

  • Manufacturing

  • Aviation

  • Oil drilling

  • Industrial pipe welding

  • Transportation

  • Automotive assembly and repair

  • Specialty production and prototyping

(more…)

MIG vs TIG Welding: Which Method Is Right for Your Application?

Share

Many businesses perform welding tasks every day, including parts manufacturers, vehicle makers, construction businesses and repair shops. People who enjoy do-it-yourself projects can handle automotive tasks or home repairs with a good arc welder. Thanks to welder rental options, you don’t even need to purchase welding equipment to get the job done.

Two popular types of arc welding equipment are metal inert gas (MIG) welding and tungsten inert gas (TIG) welding. What are the differences? How can you decide whether MIG or TIG welding is the right method for your application.

MIG Welding Process

MIG welding utilizes a welding gun with a machine-fed consumable wire. This metal wire serves as the electrode and provides the filler material for the weld at the same time.

While you work, the MIG welder delivers inert gas (usually argon) to shield the weld pool and protect the metal from contamination. The MIG welding gun automatically feeds more wire into the molten pool as you advance, so this option provides “what-you-see-is-what-you-get” welds that are easy to start, direct and control.
(more…)

TIG Welding with Red-D-Arc’s GX330XL Portable Gas Welder

Share

In addition to portable stick, MIG, flux-cored and spool gun welding, the GX300XL also allows you to perform in-field Touch Start TIG welding with Pulse capability.

DC TIG Welding with Optional High-Frequency
For DC TIG welding without high frequency, the GX330XL is available with an air-cooled TIG torch, gas regulator, and a K780 Foot Pedal, and a K930-2 TIG Module can be included which enables high-frequency arc starting.

For AC TIG Welding, add a Square Wave TIG 200
For AC TIG welding with high frequency, you can power a Lincoln K5126-1 Square Wave TIG 200 (which includes a PTA-17 TIG torch and a K5126-1 Foot Pedal) from the 120/240 VAC dual voltage, full-power receptacle on the front control panel of the GX330XL.
(more…)

Sourcing Welding Equipment During Supply Chain Interruptions

Share

There are no shortage of reasons for current supply chain issues and correspondent price increases, but it would be safe to say that we’ve never experienced anything like this in recent history.

For contractors, fabricators and other industry segments that require welding services, it’s more viable than ever to consider equipment outsourcing as a means of fulfilling existing orders and contracts, not to mention the ability to quote on new business opportunities without having to worry about having access to the most suitable equipment in sufficient quantities.

The basic tenet of rental versus ownership, is the idea of paying for equipment use, without the complexities and inconveniences of the cost of equipment ownership. These costs are often referred to as “hidden costs” as they are frequently overlooked when determining the total cost-of-ownership. To cite just a few examples, fleet owners not only have to arrange for back and forth transportation of equipment to their job sites, they also have to arrange and pay for storage and servicing of the equipment when not in use. If the equipment becomes out of date due as a result of being superseded by a new product, or if a new welding process is required, they can be stuck with obsolete or non-suitable equipment that has to be disposed of, or at the very least, loses some of its utilization potential. For servicing, maintenance and troubleshooting challenges, paid in-house personnel or outside service shops need to be retained and relied on to keep the equipment up and running, as well as certified or calibrated to meet published operational standards.

(more…)

What Are Customers Saying About BotX?

Share

“It didn’t even need a traditional ROI assessment… Within a month, we already bought the machine.”

-Siouxland Fabrication

“We were creating production parts within half a day.”

-Siouxland Fabrication

“It didn’t take very long to realize how simple it was. It just worked.”

-Siouxland Fabrication

(more…)

How a TIG Welder Can Extend The Life of Aircraft Parts

Share

Aircraft repair is a huge business! In 2018, the worldwide economic impact for global aircraft maintenance, repair, and overhaul (MRO) was over $75 billion (USD), with an estimated compounded annual growth rate of 4.7% through 2025. The commercial air travel industry’s near-term growth outlook is 6.5%, with 20-year traffic growth projected at 4.0%. Welding is a standard maintenance practice in aircraft repair as described in the FAA Advisory Circular 43.13-1B. As welding processes and procedures have improved over the years, some parts that were once non-repairable can now be repaired by welding.

TIG Welder Methods and Materials

Welding is the most prominent form of joining metals in aircraft without the use of fasteners. The five types of metals welded in aircraft are 4130 steel, stainless steel, aluminum, magnesium, and titanium, each used in different areas of the aircraft. For example, 4130 was a prevalent building material in tube-and-fabric construction but is now limited to mainly aircraft used in agricultural applications.

Magnesium Alloy

TIG Welding is revolutionizing aircraft maintenance for repairs that fall outside of the original equipment manufacturer’s scope. Magnesium alloy is common in constructing transmission cases in helicopters because it is very strong and light; weight is everything in aircraft (particularly helicopters). Yet transmission cases were never made to be a repairable item. The original intention was to simply scrap damaged cases and replace them. However, a new transmission case can easily cost more than $50,000. Companies specializing in aero repairs have pioneered proprietary repairs on transmission cases and gearboxes that pass the FAA’s rigorous muster. These repairs can save upward of 90% off the bill of a new case or gearbox.

The approved method for magnesium cases is predominantly tungsten inert welding (TIG) for the extreme heat necessary to join the metal. Oxyacetylene can be used for this method of joining metals but it is not the best method due to base metal oxidation, distortion, and the loss of elasticity.

Benefits of TIG Welding in Aircraft Repair

Tungsten inert welding (TIG, also known as Gas Tungsten Arc Welding) is an incredibly versatile welding method and can meet most of the demands of aircraft maintenance. Because of its relative simplicity and accessibility, oxyacetylene welding was the standard process for many, many years. Still, TIG welding has dethroned it as the go-to method in recent years, particularly as TIG equipment has become commonplace and come down in price.

Changing Technologies in TIG Welding

In the early years of TIG welding, the inert gas most commonly used was helium, which gave rise to the early trade names of Heliarc and Heliweld. In time, carbon electrodes made way for the modern tungsten rod. We now find a highly versatile technique that is further enhanced by the ability to run either alternating current or direct current.

A TIG welder set for DC current, straight polarity, is suitable for all mild steels, stainless steel, and titanium typically welded during aircraft maintenance. 4130 is a low-carbon, chromium-molybdenum alloy and is very common in the composition of aircraft structures. The signature standard alloy is used in a tubular form for aircraft fuselages that employ a truss-type of construction. In commercial aviation, agricultural application aircraft (“crop dusters”) use this construction method exclusively because it provides a strong, rigid airframe.

Low Carbon Steel

Low-carbon steel is also widely used in the industry in the production of engine mounts for piston engines. For these parts, welding is the only method of repair available to help operators avoid purchasing new replacement parts. Considering a used engine mount from an aircraft salvage yard runs in the ballpark of $1,000 for a simple Cessna 172, fixing a cracked weld whenever practical is a much more cost-efficient solution.

Engine Repairs

Historically, aviation has been a hobby for the wealthy, and this is not just talk. If you have ever wondered why airplane owners speak openly about rebuilding their engines rather than replacing them with new engines, the figures will make it clear. Consider that a brand-new four-cylinder piston engine easily runs in the $40,000–$50,000 range. That’s not a misprint. A rebuilt zero-time engine for a Cessna 172 is still more than $20,000, and these are engines without turbochargers or superchargers.

Engine cases on aircraft piston engines are also often made out of magnesium alloys, for the same reason that gearboxes and transmission cases are: excellent strength-to-weight ratio. Unlike an automobile engine, which routinely only runs around 10%–15% of maximum output, aircraft engines operate at about 75% output during the cruise. Accordingly, their crankcases are subject to high stress and are prone to cracking. Also, since the engines are often repeatedly overhauled, the cases may have several thousand hours of use as opposed to the pistons and cylinder jugs, which are replaced at overhaul intervals. A new engine crankcase is predictably quite expensive, so the option to repair a crack by welding is far less costly.

The more complex the aircraft, the higher the cost of replacement parts. Turboprop turbine engine rebuilds (Pratt & Whitney PT-6A, Honeywell TPE331, etc.) often exceed hundreds of thousands of dollars. Fixing cracks and building up casting defects and damage is a cornerstone of cost-effective repair strategies.

Other Weldable Materials Commonly Used in Aircrafts

Aircraft are exciting machines. They are flown through turbulent air at hundreds of knots, blasted with rain and wind, only to just about drop out of the sky and slam onto a hard runway. They are strong, yet they have to be light. Corrosion is a silent killer, and weight is the constant nemesis. Stainless steel and titanium are used in aircraft construction in critical areas where low weight and temperature tolerance are paramount.

 

Titanium

Titanium is widely used in turbine engine compressors and stator blades, subject to constant high vibration, extreme heat, and foreign object debris (FOD) that routinely includes pebbles and rocks, rivet stems, screws, loose hardware, ice, and birds. It is a harsh environment where titanium components are easily damaged. TIG welding these damaged components to fill in and blend the damaged areas saves thousands of dollars and considerable time in commission spent waiting on parts. Instead, repairs can be performed often on-site, and the engine reinstalled quickly.

Stainless Steel

Stainless steel is ubiquitous on aircraft, often used in ducting and baffling throughout the aircraft, exhaust ducts or pipes, and a slew of other areas. When, for example, an exhaust duct on a turboprop crack (not uncommon), it can easily be removed and repaired, again saving a lot of money and a whole lot of time.

Conclusion

Aviation is one of the most heavily regulated industries in the world. The threshold of entry to new designs is so burdensome that old technology prevails. Also, old aircraft are commonplace. Many airliners, particularly cargo aircraft, are 20 to 30 years old, which takes a toll on metals prone to fatigue. Rather than replacing parts, it is fiscally advantageous to repair whenever possible, and most repairs boil down to a weld to fix the metal. Welded repairs continue to keep operators in the black and safety compliant in a transportation market where controlling costs and maintaining safety standards are essential considerations.

 

If you are looking for more details, kindly visit vacuum brazed diamond blades supplier.