How to Select Water Well Drilling Rig

17 Jun.,2024

 

How to Select Water Well Drilling Rig

For water well drilling rigs, the general requirements are simple configuration, low energy consumption, easy operation, mobility, versatility and small size. In practice, the choice of drilling rig must be based on the stratigraphy, hole size, and depth as well as the drilling method.

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1. Drilling efficiency

Drilling efficiency depends on the formation, the skill/experience of the operator, the type of drilling machine and the drilling method.

For rocky conditions, the most efficient method is to use a downhole drilling rig in conjunction with an air compressor.

For soil, clay and sand conditions, the best method is to use a drilling rig with a mud pump.

For cobbles, a reverse circulation system is the most suitable method of drilling. Simply add a set of reverse circulation drilling tools to the existing rig.


Truck Water Well Drilling Rig     

2. Price

The price of the machine is a key factor in one's choice of the right drilling rig and is a one-off investment. The price of the machine increases with the diameter and depth of the hole.

From the Drilling method point of view, a DTH drilling rig is more expensive than a coring drilling rig, and the price of a hydraulic drilling rig is higher than a vertical shaft drilling rig, which is a more mechanical drilling machine

From mobility point of view, truck-mounted drills cost more than crawler-mounted drills.

 

 

3. Operating costs

Operating costs significantly affect the profit one can make in the drilling business. Net profit is the amount of money a driller receives from well users for water well drilling minus operating costs.

Operating costs include personnel salaries, casing, mud and fuel costs, and rig maintenance costs.

In terms of rig type, Down The Hole (DTH) rigs have higher operating costs than rotary rigs that work with mud pumps. This is because submersible drilling rigs require air compressors and consume very high amounts of fuel. Vertical drilling rigs (mechanically driven) are more economical than hydraulic rigs.


Water Well Drilling Rig     

4 . Drilling methods

  • In terms of the working principle of the drilling rig, there are 3 main drilling methods.

The Down The Hole drilling method needs to be used in conjunction with an air compressor. This is a good method for rock conditions.

Mud pump rotary drilling is a more economical way of drilling and is ideal for soil, sand, and clay formations and, for rock, has a lower drilling speed than submersible drilling.

With auger drilling, no air compressor or mud pump is required for the drilling process. However, it can only drill soils, clays and sands.


  • In terms of the drilling process, we have 2 drilling methods.

Direct circulation drilling, where the drilling fluid (air or mud) is passed through the drill pipe and the drill cuttings are removed through the space between the outside of the drill pipe and the hole wall.

Reverse circulation drilling, which requires a double-walled drill pipe. The drilling fluid passes through the space between the inner wall of the outer pipe and the outer wall of the inner pipe. It is the most effective drilling method for cobbles and sandy, soil geological structures.

 

5. Availability of spare parts

One needs to consider the availability of spare parts when buying a drilling rig. It is part of the operating costs. If spare parts are not readily available, it means you have to pay more to get them and it takes longer. All this will definitely affect the profitability of the drilling business.

 

Contact us to discuss your requirements of crawler mounted pneumatic tophammer drill rig. Our experienced sales team can help you identify the options that best suit your needs.

These are just some of the basics of rig selection. It can be used as a guide for entrepreneurs buying a drilling rig. If you want to know more information about types of drilling rigs, welcome to contact us today or request a quote.  




Water Well Drilling Methods

It&#;s not surprising that water well drilling is an ancient undertaking. About 8,000 years ago, the first water wells were hand dug to supply a safe, clean and reliable water source for the earliest civilizations. Our need for water has not changed, but well drilling technology has come a long way since then.

In some areas of the world, manually digging a water well is still the cheapest and most practical way to improve water accessibility, especially for one-off wells. However, for contractors and groups looking to add or expand their water well drilling capabilities long term, mechanical drilling can offer a faster, more efficient option.

There are two things to keep in mind when choosing water well drilling equipment: 1) The method must match the geology. 2) Consider the costs, both short term and long term. For a single well, manual techniques might not cost much, but can hand drilling methods handle soil conditions on your site? And how does the overall cost play out for digging multiple wells? On the other hand, mechanical well drilling options might be able to complete the job quickly but might not fit within the budget for an operation that is only looking at a few wells annually.

Let&#;s take a closer look at the pros and cons of some popular manual and mechanical drilling techniques to determine which might be the best option for your operation.

Manual Techniques

For many, digging a water well brings to mind an individual in a deep, muddy hole, passing up buckets of earth, and with good reason. Hand-digging is probably the oldest and most frequently used manual method for gaining access to ground water and it&#;s a labor-intensive, dirty job.

Like other manual techniques &#; including sludging, manual percussion drilling, drive point and hand auguring &#; hand-digging requires only simple tools and a lot of hard work, which is why individuals and communities have been using these techniques effectively for so long. As the saying goes, &#;if it&#;s not broke, don&#;t fix it.&#; And for areas with limited access to heavy equipment or fuel, these techniques are still a viable option.

Pros:

  • Requires simple tools that are locally accessible
  • Can reach depths of 230 feet (70 meters) or deeper depending on method and geology
  • Work can be completed quickly with large crews

Cons:

  • High risk of surface contamination
  • Difficult or impossible to drill through rock or dense soil
  • Most methods become unstable at less than 33 feet (10 meters)
  • Most methods require a high water table

Perhaps the biggest drawback to manually digging water wells is how inefficient the process is for multiple wells. Installing up to half a dozen wells in a single area might not break the bank, but repeatedly hiring large crews can add up quickly. Additionally, the geological impediments and the risk of contamination with manual techniques make them less attractive to contractors and groups looking to produce sustainable wells in multiple regions.

After considering the pros and cons, if manual drilling appears to be the best option for your project, manual percussion drilling is probably the most effective and widely used technique. The process consists of repeatedly dropping a heavy drill bit connected to a rope or cable in a hole partially filled with water to loosen soil and chip off pieces of rock. A sharpened drill bit and one-way valve at the bottom of the drill pipe can be added to create a hybrid percussion-sludging technique for increased efficiency. Manual percussion drilling is faster than other manual methods, capable of penetrating rock (very slowly) and is easily sealed to prevent contamination. However, mechanical percussion drilling &#; which mechanized the manual down-the-hole method &#; is a much more efficient option for operations looking for a long-term solution.

Mechanical Methods

Where manual drilling methods rely on simple tools, large work crews, hard work and patience to get the job done, mechanical drilling methods use motors, gears and fuel to power through rock and tough soils. These techniques can dig faster and deeper than manual methods and are ideal for contractors and groups looking for efficient, highly maneuverable easy-to-use equipment. For drilling a single well, they might not be cost efficient, but for operations looking to add water well drilling to their services, investing in the right water well drilling rig for your operation can offer fast ROI and open up new possibilities.

There are several popular methods, each with its own pros and cons, so consider your needs and the geology of your area of operation before committing to a mechanical drill rig.

Jetting: With this method, a pump forces water down a drill pipe and out a narrow nozzle to make a jet of water that loosens the sediment. Water outside the drill pipe carries cuttings up to the surface and into a settling pit, dug next to the borehole. The pump then returns the water back down the pipe. The drill pipe is suspended from a tripod and rotated by hand to keep the hole straight. In fine sand, this method can reach depths of 197 feet (60 meters).

Pros:

  • Only requires two people
  • Only tools are pump that can generate sufficient pressure and pipe

Cons:

  • Only works in soft, fine-grained sediments
  • Difficult to install sanitary seal to protect from surface contamination

Cable Tool: This is a mechanized version of manual percussion drilling. A heavy drill bit is attached to a steel cable and raised and dropped down the borehole. Cuttings are still manually removed with a bailer and several meters of water must be maintained in the borehole to keep the cuttings suspended. Equipment ranges from a basic skid-mounted winch with a tripod to a complex set of pulleys and drums with a large mast. Large cable tool rigs are mounted on a trailer or the bed of a truck and use hydraulic motors to raise and lower the mast and rotate the drums of the cable. These larger units are capable of drilling hundreds of feet deep through virtually any geological conditions.

Pros:

  • Uses least amount of fuel

Cons:

  • Slowest mechanical method
  • Steel casing required to keep hole from collapsing when working in loose sediment
  • Can require extra equipment like arc welder and cutting torch for drive casing

Mud Rotary: The basic concept behind the mud rotary drill rig is similar to jetting. Add a large cutting bit, lengths of steel drill pipe with threaded joints, a motor to turn and lift the drill pipe and a sturdy mast to support the pipe and you are ready for rotary well drilling. Mud rotary drilling also mixes bentonite clay or other materials in the jetting water to improve its ability to lift cuttings. This fluid is called &#;drilling mud&#; and is the &#;mud&#; referenced in the method&#;s name.

The two basic categories of mud rotary drilling are: table drive, where a rotating mechanism near the base of the rig turns the drill pipe, and top-head drive, where a motor attached to the upper end of the pipe turns it. In both cases, the upper end of the pipe is attached to a lifting mechanism that moves it along the mast. Both types of mud rotary rigs also have a swivel attached to the upper end of the pipe, allowing drilling mud to be pumped down the pipe while it is rotating.

Depending on size, a mud rotary rig can drill up to 3,281 feet (1,000 meters). The LS100 and LS200 drill rigs are mud rotary rigs at the small end of drill rig sizes, but even these smaller machines can drill an 8-inch (20-centimeter) borehole to a depth of 197 feet (60 meters). For more power in challenging soils, Lone Star developed the Hydraulic Series. The LS300H+ is capable of drilling a 6-inch (15-centimeter) borehole up to 300 feet (91.4 meters).

Pros:

  • Drilling mud keeps borehole open eliminating need for drive casings
  • Faster than cable tool and jetting methods

Cons:

  • Drilling through rock only possible with larger rigs
  • Multiple motors consume more fuel per hour than cable tool rig
  • Large rigs require support vehicles to haul water and drill pipe

Air Rotary: The mechanical elements of an air rotary drill rig are similar to a mud rotary rig, including an option of table drive or top-head drive for rotating pipe. The principal difference is the use of compressed air to remove cuttings rather than drilling mud. The air rotary rig uses the same type of drill bits as the mud rig, but it can also drill with a down-the-hole hammer. It uses compressed air to break up rock and can drill very fast. A large air rotary rig can drill more than feet (500 meters) in the right geological conditions.

Pros:

  • Fastest drilling method
  • Quicker setup than other methods

Cons:

  • Most expensive method
  • Consumes the most fuel per hour
  • Requires support vehicles and large air compressor

As you can see, there are lots of options for drilling water wells. The drilling method that works best for you, depends on your geology, your brawn and your budget.

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