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Asian Pear Tree Care
Asian pear trees require a sunny location in your garden in deep, well-drained soil. A few varieties are self-fruiting, but even with those you'll get significantly more fruit if you plant two or more different selections. Don't expect a European pear to pollinate an Asian pear if they bloom at different times. Fire blight is a problem for all pears, though Asian pears tend to be less susceptible than their European cousins. Choose resistant selections if this is a problem in your area. Plan to prune your pear tree annually for vigorous growth, good health, and a bountiful harvest.
Light
Site your tree in a sunny spot with at least six to eight hours of direct sunlight. Consider whether large trees or buildings will block the sun before you plant your tree. Give dwarf trees at least 6 feet of space from other plants for good light and full-sized pears about 12 to 15 feet.
Soil
Asian pear trees prefer deep, well-drained, fertile, loamy soil, but can adapt to other soils. Have your soil tested with the local extension office before planting to ensure a pH between 6.0 and 7.0. They will recommend the appropriate amendments if your soil is too alkaline. Heavy clay soils should be amended with one-third peat or coco fiber for drainage. Soils with poor fertility can be compensated for by fertilizing annually. Don't plant your tree where the soil is frequently wet.
Water
Water well when first planting and while the tree is getting established. In general, pear trees do best with an inch of water a week. Check the soil first; if it's moist, the tree does not need water. Larger, more established trees require less watering but should be watered during dry spells.
Temperature and Humidity
Asian pears are winter-hardy throughout the South. In order to fruit, they require a certain number of chill hours, or total hours in winter when the temperature is below 45 degrees. For that reason, Asian pears cannot successfully be grown in a tropical climate. Some varieties will fruit as far South as zone 8, while others will fruit in zone 9. Choose a variety that is known for performing well in your zone.
Asian pears bloom earlier in spring than European pears, which means flower buds can be lost to a cold snap. Don't plant your tree at the bottom of a hill where cold air can drain and create a frost pocket.
Fertilizer
It's always best to have your soil tested before applying fertilizer so that you can provide the correct balance of nutrients. If you have fertile soil, a layer of compost and mulch could provide all the nutrients your tree needs. You can feed your pear trees with a fertilizer such as Ferti-lome Fruit, Citrus, and Pecan Tree Food, but in some cases this may add too much nitrogen to your soil, encouraging leafy green growth at the expense of flowers. Add fertilizer once a year in early spring.
How to Grow Asian Pear Trees
Dig a hole slightly wider and deeper than the rootball, loosening the soil in the process. When planting bare-root dwarf trees, the graft union must be 2 to 3 inches above the soil line so that the tree will maintain its size. Standard-size trees can be planted with the graft union at or just below the soil line. A potted tree can be planted at the same level as its nursery pot. Loosen or cut any circling roots to prevent girdling. Backfill the hole with the loosened soil, then add 3 or 4 inches of mulch around the tree, making sure it does not touch the trunk.
Types of Asian Pear Trees
Fall is a great time to plant Asian pears. Look for pear trees at your local nursery, or order online from Just Fruits and Exotics, Petals From the Past, and Stark Bros. The size of your pear tree will vary based on whether it is grafted to standard (at least 20 feet tall), semi-dwarf (12-15 feet tall), or dwarf (10 feet tall) rootstock. Many trees that are labeled as dwarf are actually semi-dwarf, so read the fine print. Here are a few popular disease-resistant varieties for growing in the South:
Pruning
Depending on the rootstock, Asian pear trees can grow up to 30 feet tall. You can prune them in late winter with a light trim to keep them to a more manageable size. They also can be trained as espaliers against walls or onto wire trellises. Expect to prune your tree every year while it is dormant for good vigor and fruiting.
Start by removing broken, diseased, weak, and narrow-angled branches. Using sharp, sterile pruners, make downward-slanting cuts about 1/4 inch from the trunk. It's usually best to give pear trees one central leader or upright stem that is allowed to continue growing up and develop into a trunk. Make sure branches have at least 2 feet of vertical space between them. As you choose which branches to leave on the tree, favor those growing more horizontally than vertically.
If the tree is overburned from a heavy crop, you can thin the fruit when it's between the size of a nickel and a quarter. The pears can be left in clusters of two and spaced 4-6 inches apart. Unlike soft European pears, firm Asian ones should be left on the tree to ripen before picking. You'll know when the mature color develops and a few start to fall from the tree. Fruit can last three to four months if stored in the crisper of the refrigerator.
Propagating Asian Pears
Asian pear trees are grafted to the rootstock of another species to control the size of the tree and improve disease and pest resistance. Grafting also impacts the tree's cold hardiness and ability to tolerate various soil types. For these reasons, it's best to buy your Asian pear tree from a commercial grower.
Overwintering
Asian pear trees go dormant over the winter. This is the time to do any necessary pruning. Protect young trees from cold by wrapping the trunk with a tree wrap or tree guard. Add a layer of mulch at the base of the tree, being careful to not place it against the trunk.
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Common Pests & Plant Diseases
Most Asian pear trees are at least somewhat susceptible to fire blight. Bacteria infect the tree during warm weather by entering through wounds on the tree. Entry points can be created by wind damage, hail, pruning, or insects. Symptoms include weeping from cankers in the bark, scorched-looking leaves and shoots, and dark and shriveled fruit. If the infection is in the trunk, the tree will eventually die.
In the South, choosing fire-blight-resistant varieties for your garden is the best course of action. Prune diseased twigs and branches of an infected tree in late winter, cutting 4-8 inches beyond affected areas. Sterilize pruning tools with a 10% bleach solution between each cut. In spring, don't use a high-nitrogen fertilizer or water the tree. This will reduce the amount of new growth, which is most susceptible to the bacteria.
Leaf spot can appear as small purplish-brown spots on leaves and fruit. Remove and dispose of them in the trash, not the compost pile. Fungicides are not always effective, so contact your local extension office for advice if you are concerned.
Pear trees don't usually have serious insect problems or require spraying. Pear slugs and other large insects like Japanese beetles can be picked off by hand and dropped in a can of soapy water. The pear psylla is an orangey-brown, winged, jumping insect that feeds on sap, leaving a residue that can cause sooty mold. Control with insecticidal soap. Soft-bodied aphids that collect on the underside of leaves can be sprayed off with a strong stream of water or controlled with insecticidal soap. Problematic caterpillar infestations can be sprayed with Bt.
Deer and rodents may want to nibble on the tree. Tree guards and cages can help prevent damage to the bark of young trees.
How to Get Asian Pears to Bloom
If your tree isn't blooming, sun exposure or the health of the tree could be the issue. A late frost can also kill flower buds, so weather may be the culprit. The tree must have adequate chill hours, and a mild winter could affect flowering. Asian pear trees can take two or three years to settle in after planting to produce the first harvest.
Annual pruning in winter helps to encourage blooms. Increase light exposure if needed, and take steps to improve your tree's health if it isn't thriving. Avoid high nitrogen fertilizers in the future, unless soil testing indicates it is needed.
Common Problems With Asian Pears
The thin bark of young pear trees can sometimes be affected by sunscald. With very intense sun exposure, the bark can split, allowing diseases to enter. Wrapping the trunk of a young tree with white cloth or a white tree guard will protect it.
What trees are compatible for cross-pollination with Asian pears?
Asian pear trees need to be planted near other varieties of Asian pears for cross-pollination. Self-fertile varieties will yield a larger crop if planted near other Asian pears. European and Asian pear trees, such as Bartlett and Chojuro, can cross-pollinate if they bloom at the same time.
How long do Asian pear trees live?
Asian pear trees can live for many years. They can live and produce fruit for 50 years or more with proper care and ideal growing conditions.
When is the best time to plant an Asian pear tree?
Plant your Asian pear tree in the spring in a sunny location with deep, well-drained soil. Avoid planting in summer when heat can stress a young plant and in fall when harsh winters can cause damage before the roots have had time to become established.
Characteristics: Comice pears come in both red and green varieties. Comice red pears, however, are still relatively new, having been first found in the orchard in the 1970s). Both red and green Comice pears have skin that breaks very easily, and they are very sweet, creamy textured, and juicy. It's popular in holiday gift fruit baskets, so it has become known as the "Christmas pear." These pears aren't ideal for poaching because of their relatively delicate nature and juiciness, but they're great for baking and eating with cheese. Highly prized by the French, enjoy this pear with a good French Brie or another soft creamy fromage.
Popular cooking methods include poaching (in wine, syrup, fruit juice, water) and baking. Pears shine in baked goods like tarts, pies, and cakes, as well as in jams, preserves, and chutneys. And because they are related to apples, it's generally understood that if a recipe calls for apples, pears can be substituted. Spices like cinnamon, nutmeg, and ginger complement the fruit in both edible and drinkable recipes.
1. Look for Pears that are Firm and Bruise-Free
Choose pears that are firm to the touch and don't have bruises or cuts. Some pears are wrapped in paper, which protects the pears and helps keep them unblemished.
2. Store Your Pears in Brown Bags
Pears will ripen off the tree. To ripen them at home, put hard fruit in a punctured paper bag and keep it at room temperature until the fruit is aromatic and gives slightly when pressed with your thumb. But beware: Pears ripen very quickly. Overripe pears are pulpy and the flesh will be mealy.
3. Peel Before Cooking
Peel pears before cooking them, as their skin grows tough when heated.
4. Use Lemon to Prevent Sliced Pears from Browning
Prevent premature browning by dipping cut pears in acidulated water (water mixed with a little lemon juice or vinegar). This works on European pears such as the Bartlett and Comice but not on Asian pears.
5. Grow Your Own Pears
While many of the pears presented in this guide can be found in your local supermarket, gourmet shop, or farmers' market, you can also order harder-to-locate varieties from online companies such as Harry & David. For the ambitious, however, you can try growing your own pear tree right in your backyard. Visit your local garden nursery or try an online nursery that specializes in fruit trees, such as Adams County Nursery.
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