I think the rounded side is a by-product of the manufacturing process, and does not have a specific purpose.
Why do people use washers under the head of a bolt anyway?
It is almost always for the purpose of spreading the force of the bolt head over a wider area. For example the bolts that hold the sheet metal fenders to the frame have washers under the bolts to prevent the sheet metal tearing . Same as the bolts that hold on the valve covers.
Therefore the logical answer would be to but the side with the largest surface area against the object the bolt is being tightened against. The flat side of the washer is the one with slightly more contact area than the smooth side.
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A single Belleville washer provides specific load and deflection, while stacking two or more conical spring washers creates an increase in load and deflection. Remember, while spring washers are very versatile and can be stacked in several different configurations, the conical washer that is placed against the installation must always have the widest footprint of all the washers. Common methods of stacking disc springs include:
In a parallel stack, washers are all placed in the same direction. The deflection does not increase with this stack, but each added washer increases the load capacity of the stack.
In a series stack, conical washers are placed from top to bottom so that they create a gap in the middle. This stack does not increase the load capacity of the fastener assembly, but it can greatly increase the deflection of the stack by adding a spring-like effect to the washers.
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A mixed parallel/series stack is when both types of stacks are included in a single fastener assembly. This stack increases both the deflection and load capacity of the assembly and can be arranged to suit almost any application.
We recommend following these steps when installing Belleville washers:
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