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For water well wellheads, see Puteal
A wellhead is the component at the surface of an oil or gas well that provides the structural and pressure-containing interface for the drilling and production equipment.
Wellhead gas storage, Etzel Germany Oil well Christmas treeThe primary purpose of a wellhead is to provide the suspension point and pressure seals for the casing strings that run from the bottom of the hole sections to the surface pressure control equipment.[1]
While drilling the oil well, surface pressure control is provided by a blowout preventer (BOP). If the pressure is not contained during drilling operations by the column of drilling fluid, casings, wellhead, and BOP, a well blowout could occur.
When the well has been drilled, it is completed to provide an interface with the reservoir rock and a tubular conduit for the well fluids. The surface pressure control is provided by a Christmas tree, which is installed on top of the wellhead, with isolation valves and choke equipment to control the flow of well fluids during production.
Wellheads are typically welded onto the first string of casing, which has been cemented in place during drilling operations, to form an integral structure of the well. In exploration wells that are later abandoned, the wellhead may be recovered for refurbishment and re-use.
Offshore, where a wellhead is located on the production platform it is called a surface wellhead, and if located beneath the water then it is referred to as a subsea wellhead or mudline wellhead.[2][3][4][5]
Components
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The primary components of a wellhead system are:
Functions
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A wellhead serves numerous functions, some of which are:
Design specification
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The oil industry specifications for wellhead systems (materials, dimensions, test procedures and pressure ratings etc.) are :
In general well heads are five nominal ratings of wellheads: 2, 3, 5, 10 and 15 (×1000) psi working pressure. They have an operating temperature range of −50 to +250 degrees Fahrenheit. They are used in conjunction with ring type seal gaskets.
In general the yield strength of the materials range from 36000 to 75000 psi.
See also
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References
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, and does not reflect subsequent edits.This audio file was created from a revision of this article dated 9 June 2021, and does not reflect subsequent edits.Stream-Flo’s specialized and critical service wellhead equipment is designed and manufactured through close consultation with customers to meet their application’s specific requirements and service type. This includes specialized materials for sour service and CO2, corrosion resistant alloys (CRA), water flood, multiple completions, coiled tubing and instrumentation lines, and multi-bowl equipment.
Working pressures range from 2,000 to 20,000 psi and are designed for single or multiple completions. A significant inventory of conventional wellhead equipment is kept on hand to reduce lead times.
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