The permanent magnet synchronous motors (PMSM) are similar to the traditional AC synchronous motors, but the field, in this case, is excited by permanent magnets that create sinusoidal back EMF. They are similar to typical rotating electric motors that consist of a rotor and a stator. However, permanent magnet synchronous motors use just a rotor, which creates the magnetic field.
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Permanent magnet synchronous motors are very efficient, brushless, secure, very fast, and offer high dynamic performance. Due to their advantages, permanent synchronous motors have many applications in various industries. Many manufacturers now produce permanent magnet synchronous motors with varying specifications for different applications. Note that AC synchronous motors are the most widely-used steady-state 3-phase AC motors in electrical systems, where they help to convert electrical energy into mechanical energy. The motors operate at a synchronous speed that is constant and synchronous with the supply frequency of AC cycles. Since AC synchronous motors have a speed of the motor that is equal to the rotating magnetic field, they are mostly used in power systems to improve the power factor of the system.
Rare Earth Permanent Magnet Motors
The operation principle of permanent magnet synchronous motors is based on the interaction of the rotating magnetic field of the stator and the constant magnetic field of the rotor. Permanent magnet synchronous motors (PMSM) are known to be pretty efficient, brushless, very fast, safe, and provide high dynamic performance when compared to conventional motors. They are equally very reliable. In this case, instead of using winding for the rotor, the permanent magnets are mounted to generate a rotating magnetic field. These types of motors are very simple and less costly. With a stator (having 3 windings installed on it) and a rotor with a permanent magnet mounted (for creating a rotating field), the 3-phase AC supply is provided to the stator so it can start working. Note that the PMSM is AC synchronous motors whose field excitation is provided by permanent magnets with a sinusoidal back EMF waveform. With the help of the permanent magnets, the PMSM can generate torque at zero speed.
PMSM types depend on how the magnets are attached to the rotor, as well as the design of the rotor. Permanent magnet synchronous motor can be classified into two types:
Additionally, depending on the design of the stator, a PMSMs can also be classified as:
Here are some of the core advantages of a permanent magnet synchronous motor:
Further Reading: Advantages and Applications of Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor
The main disadvantages of permanent magnet synchronous motors are:
Permanent magnet synchronous motors have applications in the following areas:
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PMSM is a 3-phase AC synchronous motor that runs at synchronous speed with the applied AC source. It produces smooth torque and low noise. It is mainly used for high-speed applications like robotics. The principle of operation of permanent magnet synchronous motors is based on the interaction of the rotating magnetic field of the stator and the constant magnetic field of the rotor. Thank you for reading our article and we hope it can help you to have a better understanding of permanent magnet synchronous motors.
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The most common motor type in the powertool industry is the traditional (carbon brush type) universal motor. High frequency refers to motors which run at a higher frequency than the conventional 50 or 60 Hz. High frequency power tools have much higher efficiency, meaning higher output for the same current input, and superior performance with lighter weight. All this combined with superior speed controllability and longer tool life make high frequency a fantastic choice when maximum performance is needed.
AGP&#;s permanent magnet synchronous motor technology (PMSM) has extremely high operational efficiency, high torque density, smooth torque delivery, and high dynamic performance under load. AGP is the one of the only manufacturers in the power tool industry employing this technology. AGP&#;s PMSM motors achieve an astounding 90% efficiency at full load, while competitors&#; high cycle induction or switched reluctance (SR) motors on average achieve about 75%, and universal motors on average achieve about 60% efficiency.
As a result of its high output efficiency, the PMSM motor can make the most of the available current. For example, the output of the DM20 diamond core drill motor is over W on single phase 230 V W(16 A) input. For a typical universal motor to match that level of output, it would need almost W input, which would be 24 Amperes!
In situations where it is crucial to make a tool as light as possible, a very small PMSM motor can achieve equal the power output as a much heavier universal motor, leading to astonishing weight savings. An example of this is the SB9 drywall sander. It is the lightest drywall sander in the industry, yet its 450 W PMSM motor puts out more power than a 650W universal motor.
Universal motors lose a lot of power and easily overheat when their speed is electronically reduced by varying the voltage, severely limiting their usable speed range when maximum performance is required. A special characteristic of high frequency motors is that they perform very well when their speed is reduced, since the frequency is changed rather than the voltage, and this makes it possible to operate the motor at full load in a very wide speed range in any given mechanical gear ratio.
Universal motors need to have vents open to the environment to allow air flow to cool the motor. Inevitably, contaminants, such as dust, water or slurry will be sucked into the air inlets, shortening the life of the motor. A high frequency motor can be totally enclosed, with cooling flowing around the outside of the stator. They can either be air-cooled or water-cooled, and in either case, the inside of the motor will be totally enclosed. Water cooling is the most efficient cooling method.
Since high frequency motors are electronically commutated, they do not use carbon brushes, and this eliminates a key maintenance requirement and primary source of wear suffered by universal motors. This allows a high frequency motor to last about 10 times longer than a universal motor. High frequency motors can tolerate very long duty cycles under harsh conditions.
The advantages of AGP&#;s PMSM high frequency motors are truly compelling. The only drawback to this technology is the unavoidable increased cost to produce them. The sophisticated control electronics and special rare-earth permanent magnet components are inherently expensive. Therefore, in cases where the special characteristics of high frequency are not needed, there will always be a need for power tools with universal motors and they will continue to be the most common type on the market.
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