How to Choose Types of Cutting Tools for Lathe?

1. Understand the Types of Cutting Tools

Before selecting lathe cutting tools, it’s essential to understand the types available. Common types include:

1. Turning Tools: These are used for the primary cutting action of removing material from the workpiece.
2. Facing Tools: These are used for creating a flat surface on the end of the workpiece.
3. Boring Tools: Designed for enlarging holes or achieving precise diameters.
4. Parting Tools: These separate the finished parts from the workpiece.
5. Threading Tools: Specifically shaped for cutting threads into the workpiece.

2. Material of the Cutting Tool

The material of the cutting tool significantly affects its performance and lifespan. Common materials include:

1. High-Speed Steel (HSS): Offers good toughness and is suitable for general applications but wears quicker than carbide.
2. Carbide: More durable than HSS, it retains a sharp edge longer and is ideal for production runs.
3. Ceramic: These cutting tools can withstand high temperatures and are typically used in high-speed operations.
4. Cobalt: A specific type of HSS, cobalt tools can handle higher cutting speeds and temperatures.

3. Consider Tool Geometry

The geometry of the cutting tool—such as its shape, angle, and size—affects how it interacts with the material. Key aspects to consider include:

1. Point Angle: The inclination of the cutting edge determines the cutting action. Common angles include 60°, 75°, and 90°.
2. Rake Angle: Influences chip removal; negative rake angles are ideal for hard materials, while positive angles suit softer materials.
3. Relief Angle: Prevents the tool from rubbing against the workpiece, thereby enhancing tool life and performance.

4. Assess Cutting Conditions

Different cutting conditions demand different types of tools. Factors to consider include:

1. Material Type: Softer materials often require HSS, while harder materials may require carbide tools.
2. Operating Speed: Higher speeds benefit from tools made from carbide or ceramic.
3. Depth of Cut: For deeper cuts, sturdier tools should be chosen to withstand the added stress.

5. Toolholder Compatibility

Ensure that the cutting tools you choose are compatible with your lathe’s toolholder systems. Compatibility factors include:

1. Size: Make sure the dimensions of the tool fit the toolholder.
2. Shank Type: Identify if you need a straight, tapered, or a specific shaped shank.
3. Indexability: Select tools that can be easily indexed or rotated for fresh cutting edges, maximizing efficiency.

6. Budget Considerations

Finally, establish your budget for cutting tools. While high-quality tools may cost more initially, they can improve productivity and durability, ultimately saving money in the long run. Consider:

1. Initial Investment: Factor the cost of the tool into your budget.
2. Longevity: Determine the expected lifespan based on material and usage.
3. Cost per Part: Analyze how tool choice affects production costs.

If you want to learn more, please visit our website Types of Tool Post in Lathe, 5c Collet Size Range, What Is Test Bar.