An anchor bolt is a unique type of fastener that&#;s designed to secure an object or structural component to a concrete surface. They don&#;t feature the same long shank with a flat tip as other bolts. Rather, anchor bolts feature a unique design that allows for embedding inside of concrete. There are several types of anchor bolts, however, each of which is used for a different purpose.
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A cast-in-place anchor bolt is a type of anchor bolt that lives up to its namesake by being cast inside of concrete. It&#;s similar to a traditional bolt but with a few nuances. Cast-in-place anchor bolts almost always have a hexagonal head, whereas traditional bolts can have a variety of heads. More importantly, cast-in-place anchor bolts are installed upside down. The head is inserted into an open cavity of the concrete, after which it&#;s cast in place. Casting requires the use of concrete. Concrete is poured in the cavity so that it encompasses the anchor bolt.
Another common type of anchor bolt is post-installed. Post-installed anchor bolts consist of a similar design as cast-in-place anchor bolts. They both feature a hexagonal head, and they are both installed upside down with the head first. The difference is that post-installed anchor bolts are installed in a pre-drilled hole, whereas cast-in-place anchor bolts are installed inside of a cavity that&#;s later filled with additional concrete.
There are also expansion anchor bolts. Expansion anchor bolts are those that expand when installed inside of concrete. To use an expansion anchor bolt, you&#;ll need to drill a hole into the concrete surface. You can then install the expansion anchor bolt inside of this pre-drilled hole. As the expansion anchor bolt enters the hole, it will expand. This expansion helps to secure the anchor bolt &#; as well as the structural component or object to which it&#;s connected &#; in place. Technically speaking, an expansion bolt is a type of post-installed anchor bolt because it&#;s installed in a pre-drilled hole.
Most anchor bolts can be classified as either cast-in-place or post-installed. Cast-in-place anchor bolts are the most common. They are installed inside of a cavity of a concrete surface, after which they are cast in place. Post-installed anchor bolts, on the other hand, are installed inside of a pre-drilled hole. Expansion anchor bolts are considered post-installed. Other types of post-installed anchor bolts include undercut, self-tapping and power-actuated.
Purchase Anchors
Expansion bolts are fasteners used in masonry materials that expand once inserted into a predrilled hole in the masonry. The expansion of the anchor is accomplished in different ways and the anchors are designed for different applications. Expansion bolts come in a number of different configurations and types. Each type of expansion anchor has unique features and beenefits.
Configurations
Male &#;comes in different styles and either will protrude above the masonry surface or will insert into a predrilled hole
Female &#; are inserted into a predrilled hole in the concrete and has internal threads to accept a threaded bolt
Base Materials
Some expansion anchors are designed for use in solid base material only, such as concrete while others can be used in a variety of masonry materials, such as brick or block. Other anchors can be used in natural base materials, such as stone. The use of an expansion anchor in the natural base material is questionable due to the inconsistency of the material and the lack of testing.
Types of Expansion Anchors
MALE ANCHORS FOR CONCRETE
Wedge Anchors &#;variety of diameters ranging from 1/4&#; to 1-1/4&#;; manufactured in zinc plated carbon steel, hot-dipped galvanized carbon steel, 303/304 stainless steel and 316 stainless steel; protrudes above the surface of the concrete; utilizes a nut to expand anchor and to secure item being fastened
Sleeve Anchors &#; wide range of diameters from 1/4&#; to 3/4&#;; available in zinc plated carbon steel and 304 stainless steel; head styles include an acorn nut, hex nut, flat countersunk or round; not all diameters come with all head styles; turning of the nut or head expands anchor; can be flush with surface of material being fastened or can protrude dependent upon the head style
Hammer Drive Anchor &#; available in two diameters of 3/16&#; and 1/4&#; for light duty fastening; head is a round mushroom; nail driven with a hammer into the anchor body will expand anchor; once set, the hammer drive anchor cannot be removed and is tamperproof
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Nylon Nail-It &#; similar to the hammer drive anchor with the difference of an anchor body made from a nylon type material; comes in the head styles of the mushroom head, flat countersunk head, and round head; nail on the nylon nail-it has a slot for easy removal
Strike Anchors &#; heavy-duty type anchor; available in diameters from 1/4&#; to 3/4&#;; comes in carbon steel with yellow zinc plating; utilizes a hardened steel pin to expand the anchor; allows uniform installation; the nut tightens the fixture to the concrete and does not expand the anchor
Split Drive &#; one-piece anchor; available in one diameter of 1/4&#; and in lengths up to 3&#;; permanent, tamper-proof anchor with two head styles of round head and flat countersunk; the split drive anchor is pre-expanded and holds firmly once driven into the predrilled hole in the concrete
FEMALE ANCHORS FOR CONCRETE
Drop In Anchor - available 1/4&#;, 3/8&#;, 1/2&#;, 5/8&#; and 3/4&#;; designated diameter refers to the inside or the bolt diameter; manufactured in carbon steel zinc coated, 304 stainless steel and 316 stainless steel; a setting tool is required to properly set the drop-in anchor
Lag Shield &#; requires the use of a lag screw which is purchased separately; embedment depth of the anchor and the thickness of the material being fastened determine the length of screw used; lag shields come in a short or long version in six diameters of 1/4&#;, 5/16&#;, 3/8&#;, 1/2&#;, 5/8&#; and 3/4&#;; short lag shield is used in denser, harder base material and the long lag shield is used in softer, more suspect base material
Machine Screw Anchor &#; use of specific setting tool is required to set the machine screw anchor in the concrete; eight diameters are available in #8, #10, 1/4&#;, 5/16&#;, 3/8&#;, 1/2&#;, 5/8&#; and 3/4&#;; the designated diameter refers to the inside diameter or bolt diameter used with the machine screw anchor; all bolts used with the anchor must have national coarse threads with a length determined by the thickness of the material being fastened plus the embedment depth
Double and Single Expansion Anchor &#; single expansion anchor is used in harder denser base material and the double expansion anchor is used in softer, more suspect type base materials; both come in six diameters of 1/4&#;, 5/16&#;, 3/8&#;, 1/2&#;, 5/8&#; and 3/4&#;; special setting tool is not required; the bolt when inserted and turned clockwise expands the anchor via the expansion nut; both anchors require bolts with national coarse threads; the length of the bolt is determined by adding the thickness of the material to be fastened to the embedment depth of the anchor
MALE ANCHORS FOR BRICK AND BLOCK
FEMALE ANCHORS FOR BRICK AND BLOCK
Lag Shield &#; same as the female anchors used in concrete described above; works equally well in brick or block base materials
Machine Screw Anchor &#; excellent holding values in brick and block with a wide range of diameters; base material must be thick enough to allow anchor to be set using the setting tool; hollow wall-setting tool is available through a company called Greenlee
Double and Single Expansion Anchor &#; both work well in brick or block; double expansion anchor provides the best opportunity for a successful fastening due to the expansion of the anchor along its entire length
Purchase Anchors
Expansion bolts are fasteners used in masonry materials that expand once inserted into a predrilled hole in the masonry. The expansion of the anchor is accomplished in different ways and the anchors are designed for different applications. Expansion bolts come in a number of different configurations and types. Each type of expansion anchor has unique features and beenefits.
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