Ball valves are quarter-turn on/off devices. A pivoting ball in the center of the valve controls the flow of liquid or gas media.
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The pivoting ball is known as a rotary ball, and it is designed with a hole (a bore) in the center. A stem on the top of the ball rotates the ball to open or close the valve. The stem can be turned using manual levers or automation.
Ball valves are most commonly made of materials including steel, iron, brass, bronze or PVC.
Ball valves can have multiple ports, which are the openings in the valve. Two-way ball valves have two ports and are used for traditional on/off control. Multi-port valves (3-way, 4-way, etc.) are used in applications that require more than one source of media or that need to divert media in different directions.
The port of a ball valve can be opened or closed to control media either manually or through actuation. The manual option requires handles or levers and an operator to control the valve. Electric, hydraulic and pneumatic actuation don&#;t require an operator to control the valve. Actuation is ideal for complex control systems or those that are in remote areas that an operator cannot easily access.
Compared to other types of valves, ball valve offer several notable advantages:
Ball valves are used everywhere from around the home to specialized industries. Here&#;s a look at a few examples:
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Home applications:
Specialized industries:
Different Ball Valve Body Designs
One Piece Ball Valve Design &#; The ball is placed into the body through an entry in one of the pipe flanges and secured with a gasket forming part of the raised face. This has inherent strength and minimises leak paths.
Split Body Ball Valve Design &#; This is also known as a 2 piece or 3 piece ball valve and the body is split in one or two places in the same plane as the valve flanges. The body is then bolted around the ball. 3 Piece ball valves are common among smaller sizes due to lower manufacturing costs and trunnion mounted ball valves due to component weight. The big advantage of split body ball valves is the ease of maintenance.
Top Entry Ball Valve Design &#; This is a rarer design of valve where the ball is inserted through a bonnet in the top of the valve. The main advantage of this is that the critical parts of the valve can be maintained while the valve remains in the pipeline. It&#;s often used in welded pipe systems.
Fully Welded Ball Valve Design &#; This is where the body of the valve is an all welded construction and completely non-maintainable. These are often found used in gas pipelines.
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