There are several screw thread machining methods in CNC. These different methods have their features and benefits. Here, we&#;d discuss the common ones and what makes them stand out.
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Tapping holes are ideal for use in producing internal threads. It is an economical as well as efficient threading method. This CNC method is applicable for use in threaded holes with the low accuracy of position as well as holes with a small diameter.
It as a method of screw thread machining has reduced CNC threading machine downtime. Also, the machining structure here is quite simple compared to other methods. Furthermore, tapping is a high-speed cutting process that greatly improves productivity and machining efficiency.
Cutting tools used in this machining method are cheaper, thereby reducing the cost of manufacturing. It is also a versatile process with a wide range of applications.
This is another method used in making screw threads. This process utilizes a milling cutter as well as a 3-axis machining center. It also adopts a circular interpolation of the three main axes; x, y, and z linear feed. Thread milling is ideal for threading large parts or materials of high value.
Thread milling has a fast processing speed, high precision, and efficiency. The milling tool used often contains hard alloys. Also, milling cutter tools are versatile, reducing the need to acquire different tools for different milling processes. For instance, the same cutter can cut the left and right-hand thread using the same pitch of screws. You can adjust the hole diameters, tolerances, and material cut with minimal difficulty.
Threads made using milling have a superior-quality surface with zero burrs. This method is ideal for making thin-walled parts, machining blind holes, and asymmetric/ non-rotating parts.
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Thread cutting on a lathe is another common screw threading process with a wide range of adoption. CNC lathes facilitate the production of high-quality screw threads. With this method, machinists can make several tapered threads, lead threads, and thread pitches.
Rigid tapping and single-point threading are two of the most common methods used in CNC lathe threading. Single-point threading uses a tool with an indexable insert with a shape and size that corresponds to that of the finished screw head.
This is ideal for use in threading hardened workpieces. Two main types of grinding wheels are used for this process; multi-line grinding wheels and single-line grinding wheels. The single-line grinding wheel has a pitch accuracy with grades 5 ~ 6. It also has a surface roughness of R1.25&#;0.08 μm.
Single-line grinding is ideal for making a precision screw, worm, thread gauge, shovel grinding hob, and small batch threading.
The multi-line grinding is divided into cut-in and longitudinal grinding methods. The major difference between these two methods is the width of the grinding wheel. In the longitudinal method, the width of the grinding wheel is less than the length of the thread being ground. On the other hand, the width of the grinding wheel used in the cut-in method has a greater length than the thread.
The leadscrew and half nut of the machine will determine when they can be engaged. Because of their accurate form and dimension the pair can only be engaged (come together) at certain points. So depending on whether you are cutting even, odd, 1/2 thread, or multiple of leadscrew (typically 8 TPI) will determine when to engage the half nut based on the dial indicator.A good reference for this is: How to use a lathe Even number of threads: Engage at any graduation on the dialOdd number of threads: Engage at any Main divisionFractional number of threads: This would be like 11 1/2 TPI. Engage at any other main division 1 & 3, or 2 & 4. For other fractional threads, engage at same division every time.Threads that are a multiple of the number of the TPI of the Leadscrew: Engage at any time that the split nut meshes.The compound should be set at 29 degrees for 60 degree thread. "Cutting threads with the compound rest at this angle allows for the left side of the tool bit to do most of the cutting, thus relieving some strain and producing a free curling chip. The direction is controlled by setting the compound rest at the 29° angle before adjusting the cutter bit perpendicular to the workpiece axis. The depth of cut is then controlled by the compound rest feed handle."A good reference book is " The Care and Operation of a Lathe " by Sheldon and " How to Run a Lathe: For the Beginner" South Bend (This is available in our download section here There are manuals on the Sheldon Users group on Yahoo (I encourage you to join that group), however the manual will not go into the operation of the lathe, only parts.
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