The Ultimate Residential Boiler Guide

09 Sep.,2024

 

The Ultimate Residential Boiler Guide

The Ultimate Residential Boiler Guide

For more information, please visit gtboiler.

If you just bought a house in the northeast, chances are it gets heat from a residential boiler. While furnaces are more popular in the Midwest and western United States, residential boilers tend to dominate both new and existing homes out east.

 

You may benefit from a home boiler if:

  • You live in a consistently cold climate.
  • Your home lacks ductwork for a furnace system (although we recommend a mini split in that case).
  • You own an old home with an existing residential boiler system.

If the above sounds like you, then read the following guide to get started on your boiler buying journey.

 

How Does a Boiler Work?

A residential boiler works by using hot water or steam to heat a home. The hot water or steam flows through piping to radiators throughout the building. The radiators transfer the heat to the room, providing warmth.

 

Here are more specifics on the different types, or mediums, of boilers.

 

Residential Steam Boilers

In steam boilers, a boiler furnace heats water until it becomes steam. The steam then naturally flows via supply pipes to radiators in different rooms of the house, providing heat. Eventually, the hot steam cools and reverts into water before flowing through return pipes back to the boiler where the process starts again.

 

Steam boilers are often identifiable by a sight glass, which is a small glass tube partially filled with water. You can also check your radiators to see if they have an air vent, which is another sign that you have a steam boiler.

 

Because they are among the oldest boiler medium, steam boilers are often necessary when renovating historic homes if you want to keep that vintage look and feel. They also provide higher outputs of heat than hydronic boilers but cost more to run.

 

Hydronic (Hot Water) Boilers

Hydronic boilers use a fuel source to heat water to a designated temperature and then manually pump it to radiator panels around the home. They require less energy than steam boilers and have become more common in modern homes.

 

You can often identify a hydronic boiler by a circulator pump. Unlike steam, which naturally expands throughout the piping system, water needs a &#;push.&#; A circulator pump provides that push and distributes the hot water around your home.

 

Hydronic boilers also require an expansion tank. As water becomes hot, it expands and adds pressure. The expansion tank relieves the added pressure from expanding water so that the system doesn&#;t burst.

 

You can also use a hydronic boiler in combination with an indirect water heater for greater efficiency. The hot water from the boiler circulates to a coil in the indirect water heater and heats the domestic water for your shower, dishes, etc.

 

Combination Water Heaters

An emerging type of water boiler is a combination boiler and hot water heater. These units provide both water for central heating and domestic hot water. The domestic hot water side never mixes with the central heating side to avoid contamination.

 

Combination boilers are highly efficient and save you money on installation and space. However, they are not designed for large homes or heavy demand.

 

Boiler Fuel Type

Residential boiler systems require a fuel source to heat the water. There are four main boiler fuel sources:

 

  • Natural gas is the most common fuel source, especially for homes with a natural gas supply.

  • Liquid propane is a common fuel source in rural areas that don&#;t have piped natural gas.

  • Oil is a common fuel source in the northeast. Oil boilers require an oil burner, which is often sold separately.

  • Electricity is popular in areas where electrical power is inexpensive. Otherwise, the high voltages and energy costs make electric boilers impractical for many homes.


AFUE and Boiler Efficiency

A home boiler system's efficiency is determined by its annual fuel utilization efficiency percentage or AFUE. The percentage indicates how much of the boiler&#;s energy is converted into useable heat.

 

For example, a boiler with an AFUE of 90% converts 90% of its energy into heat and 10% is wasted as exhaust. Steam boilers are among the least efficient, typically with AFUE ratings of between 80% and 90%. Condensing hydronic boilers are the most efficient with AFUE ratings well into the 90th percentile.

 

A condensing boiler is so efficient because it recycles additional heat from the exhaust gases to preheat incoming water. As a result, the exhaust gases are cooler and allow for less-expensive venting to be used, such as PVC.

 

The higher your boiler&#;s AFUE, the more you will save in energy use over time, although upfront costs will most likely be higher. High efficiency or condensing boilers will also qualify you for incentives and rebates from certain utilities and localities.

 

Modulating Boilers

Another aspect of residential boiler system efficiency and performance is whether it modulates heat output. A single-stage boiler provides only one output of heat, meaning it&#;s either off or running at full power. This can lead to uncomfortable swings in temperature and short-cycling, which is when the boiler turns on and off repeatedly, causing wasted energy and unnecessary wear and tear.

 

A modulating boiler can operate across a range of heat outputs. It will use the lowest heat setting possible to keep you comfortable, saving energy and providing consistent temperatures throughout the day.

 

Venting

There are three options for venting exhaust gases from a residential boiler: chimney, power, and direct venting.

  1. Chimney Venting: This is the oldest form of venting. The hot exhaust gases rise out of a home&#;s chimney, which must be the proper size and height. Fresh air flows into the boiler from inside to replace the exhausted air and feed combustion. This form of venting is typically used with lower-efficiency boilers.

  2. Power Venting: Power venting adds a blower to the boiler to pull combustion air in from the indoor space and force exhaust out a sidewall or ceiling. This allows for more efficient air movement, flexible installation, and smaller vent pipe than in a chimney.

  3. Direct Venting: The most efficient type of venting, direct venting pulls fresh air directly from the outdoors to feed combustion and exhausts gases through a separate pipe. This is ideal for tight homes and confined spaces and is also known as sealed combustion.


Boiler Sizing

Sizing a new residential boiler depends on the heat output (measured in BTUs) you need to effectively warm your home. This requires a  Manual J Load calculation done by a professional, especially if you are switching to a higher-efficiency model.

 

If you are simply replacing an existing boiler with one of the same efficiency and size, locate the output ratings on the old boiler's heating plate or sticker. Many boilers were oversized in the past, so it's possible you can go a size smaller, but you should check with a professional to confirm.

 

Boiler Cost and Maintenance

 

A boiler's costs take into account both upfront and long-term expenses. Boiler medium, AFUE, output, venting, and local labor rates all impact upfront costs. On the other hand, efficiency and fuel type can impact lifetime costs.

 

For example, a 95% AFUE condensing hot water boiler may cost more upfront than an 81% AFUE steam boiler, but it will likely save you on monthly heating bills. Alternatively, if you choose a fuel type that is expensive in your area, you will likely negate any savings you would have otherwise enjoyed.

 

When it comes to maintenance, it is important to have a professional inspect your boiler once a year, preferably right before the heating season. This will ensure there are no gas leaks and that you're getting the proper heat output.

 

Find a Home Boiler

 

AC Wholesalers has a wide selection of hot water and steam boilers available with various heat outputs, fuel types, and AFUE ratings. Now that you understand how boilers work and the different options you have, feel free to browse our inventory.

 

Of course, if you have any questions, please don't hesitate to contact us. We'll be happy to walk you through the selection process and go into further detail on what to consider.

 

NEXT: Browse and Shop All Boilers

 

 

 

 

 

Different Types of Boilers Plus The Best ...

What are the different types of boilers available for UK homes

Feeling lost in the boiler maze? Replacing your boiler is an important decision, and choosing the right type can significantly impact your comfort and energy bills.

But fear not! This guide will help you navigate the different new gas boiler options in the UK, empowering you to find the perfect match for your home&#;s needs.

Why Picking the Right Boiler Matters:

Gas boilers are the workhorses of most UK central heating systems. However, with various types available (combi, system, conventional), understanding their pros and cons is crucial.

Contact us to discuss your requirements of Wall Mounted Condensing Gas Boiler. Our experienced sales team can help you identify the options that best suit your needs.

The ideal boiler will not only keep your home warm and toasty but also be efficient and cost-effective. Let&#;s explore your options and ensure you make a choice that benefits you and your family for years to come.

Many people think combi boilers are the best, but they are totally home-dependent. Read our quick guide now.

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What kind of fuel does your boiler use?

What types of gas boilers are there in the UK?

Every gas boiler made is now a condensing boiler and is very energy efficient in how they heat water, however, there are several different types of boiler commonly used in the UK, including:

  • Conventional boilers: Also known as heat only or regular boilers, these are ideal for homes with multiple bathrooms and high demand for hot water.
  • Combination boilers: Also known as combi boilers, these provide both heating and hot water without the need for a hot water cylinder or cold water tank.
  • System boilers: These are similar to conventional boilers but with the major components, such as the pump and expansion vessel, built into the boiler itself.
  • Back boilers: These are typically found in fireplaces and provide both heating and hot water. They will have a separate hot water tank but only run at 70% energy efficiency.

It&#;s important to note that not all boilers are suitable for every home and it&#;s essential to choose the right type of boiler for your specific needs and requirements.

For example, a system boiler is suited better to a larger home due to the space required for a hot water storage cylinder, and a combi boiler is to a medium-sized home, as it does not require one at all.

Choosing the Right Gas Boiler for Your Home

Congratulations! You&#;ve narrowed it down to the three main gas boiler types in the UK &#; combi, system, and conventional. Now, let&#;s explore which one best suits your home&#;s needs, considering factors like space, existing setup, and hot water usage.

Matching Your Needs to Boiler Types

  • Space Considerations: Compact homes often have limited storage, making a combi boiler the ideal choice. These space-saving marvels heat water directly when needed, eliminating the need for a separate hot water tank.
  • Leveraging Your Existing System: Replacing your entire heating system can be expensive. While sticking with a similar setup might be cost-effective, consider if a different type offers significant advantages. This is particularly relevant for older properties where a conventional boiler might be in place. These traditional boilers work with a separate hot water cylinder and cold water storage tank. However, newer, more efficient options like system boilers might be worth exploring. System boilers also utilise a hot water cylinder but eliminate the need for a cold water tank, offering a more compact solution.
  • Hot Water Usage: Do multiple taps demand hot water simultaneously? If your family showers and runs the dishwasher at peak times, a system boiler or conventional boiler with a hot water cylinder might be better suited than a combi boiler. The cylinder stores pre-heated water, ensuring consistent hot water flow even during high demand.

All the main different boiler types that are available

There are many different types of boilers in each section and know what type of boiler system you have is important.

Each section has then a subsection of boilers under that bracket. Boilers can be of a different type due to the fuel they use, or how they heat, store or send water to your central heating system and hot water tap.

Natural gas boilers are the most common boiler in the UK, with the combi boiler being the most popular gas boiler due to its compact size and ease of installation and use. All gas boilers in the UK are hydrogen blend ready to 20%

Compare the Different Types of Gas Boilers in the UK

Combi boilers (combination)

A combination boiler, or combi boiler for short, is a space-saving and efficient heating and hot water solution that provides hot water on demand without the need for a hot water cylinder or cold water tank.

The name combi boiler comes from its ability to combine central heating and hot water into a single compact unit. The water is heated instantly as it passes through the unit and is then directly delivered to taps or showers, eliminating the need for separate hot water storage.

Gas combi boilers are the most common boiler type in the UK.

A combi boiler is generally the most cost-effective and efficient boiler around. They control both the hot water and the central heating, hence the name.

These boiler types are especially popular for anyone conscious of their environmental impact and looking to reduce their carbon footprint. Every combi is now a condensing boiler too.

One of the reasons they&#;re so popular is that they don&#;t take up much storage space in the home. Often they live in a standard kitchen cupboard or can be wall-hung and are incredibly easy to install.

The downside of these central heating boiler types is they are not great with pressure. You can&#;t run water from more than one tap or shower at the same time.

Pros and cons of a combi boiler:

Pros:

  • Unlimited heating and hot water on demand for homes with up to 4 bedrooms.
  • Only heats the water you need at a specific time, making it cost-effective and eco-friendly.
  • No cylinder is needed so will fit in a kitchen cupboard.
  • It&#;s easy to find what size boiler you need for your home.
  • Low new boiler cost

Con&#;s:

  • Water pressure can reduce if you run more than 1 tap at a time.
  • No backup source of hot water if the boiler breaks down.
  • Very rarely will be compatible with solar panels unless it is an electric combi boiler

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What kind of fuel does your boiler use?

System boilers

System boilers are closed systems, usually containing two parts &#; a boiler and a cylinder. The boiler part heats up your water which is then stored in the cylinder.

System boilers are better options for some households because they allow you to run multiple taps or showers at the same time. They&#;re ideal if you have multiple bathrooms with a high demand for hot water.

System boilers tend to be quite economical to run, and they are relatively compact too. This boiler type would mean the boiler would live in a kitchen cupboard and then the hot water cylinder would live in the airing cupboard.

They offer a constant supply of hot water on demand, and you won&#;t need to worry about low boiler pressure problems. Immersion heaters can also be placed inside the hot water tanks or have them built in. Some hot water cylinders like the Megaflo system have them already built into the design to ensure they always have hot water and lots of it.

Pros and cons of a system boiler:

Pros:

  • Faster and more simple to install than a regular one because all components are built into one unit.
  • Saves space because no cold-water tank is needed.
  • Faster and more effective hot water to multiple taps at once.
  • Can be used with an immersion heater

Cons:

  • If the cylinder is not insulated well, it may lose heat.
  • Storage will be needed for the cylinder.
  • Hot water ready on demand will depend on the size of your cylinder.

Conventional boilers

A Conventional boiler is the oldest type of boiler on this list, and that&#;s why they&#;re also known as a traditional boilers, heat only boilers or regular boilers.

As an open vent boiler, they use both a hot water cylinder in the airing cupboard and a cold water storage tank in the loft. This means they can take up quite a lot of space in the home.

If you have that space available, you shouldn&#;t necessarily rule out heat only boilers because they do offer some benefits that other types of boilers can&#;t offer as well.

Conventional boilers are very good at supplying water to different parts of the home at the same time, which is something that combi boilers really struggle with.

Conventional boilers are also by far the best option for homes that already have problems with low water pressure.

They are also compatible with a wide range of energy-efficient options such as solar thermal systems.

However, water has to be heated prior to using, so it&#;s not always available on demand.

Pros and cons of a conventional boiler:

Pros:

  • Hot water can run from more than one tap at a time.
  • Heat only boilers can work even if boiler pressure is low.
  • Compatible with solar panels.
  • If you already have this system, a few pipework changes could be possible for a new installation.
  • An electrical immersion heater can be installed in the cylinder, so if your boiler breaks down; you still have hot water back up plan.

Cons:

  • Takes up a large amount of space.
  • Could be more costly to install.
  • Could be more complicated and time-consuming to install.
  • The amount of hot water ready at one time will depend on the size of your cylinder.
  • The cylinder has to be well insulated, or it will lose heat.

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What kind of fuel does your boiler use?

Gas condensing boilers

The first thing you need to know about condensing boilers is that they&#;re not a category of new boiler like the others on the list.

Different types of boilers in the UK such as combi boilers, system boilers, and regular boilers can all be condensing boilers.

Simply, condensing boilers are green and designed for energy efficiency. They trap wasted, latent heat that tries to escape through the flue and uses this to heat your home. With other types of boilers such as non-condensing boilers, this latent heat is lost. 

All new gas boilers in the UK are condensing gas boilers by law. Since the introduction of this technology which makes them over 90% energy efficient, it was brought into legislation that all new gas boilers manufactured and sold in the UK had to be condensing.

Check out the best gas combi boilers right now which all have this condensing technology built-in for maximum energy efficiency.

Condensing boilers pros and cons

Pros:

  • Condensing boilers are the best types of boilers for the environment. 
  • Condensing boilers allow you to heat your home in a way that&#;s much more efficient, and that means you&#;ll save money on your heating bills and save energy as well.
  • All types of gas boilers and oil boilers have to be condensing when new and replacements.

Cons:

  • Some condensing boilers can be more expensive
  • Can be costly to maintain if not buying the right brand

Oil boilers

Oil boilers are best suited to homes that don&#;t have any connection to the main gas supply. The oil is heated up which in turn heats up the water for your home.

They&#;re typically suited to homes that don&#;t have any connection to the main gas supply.

They tend to be used in quite isolated and rural areas, and as a result, they tend to be more expensive to run.

The main thing that makes this type of boiler different is the fact that they use oil to run rather than gas.

Oil boiler types

Oil boilers can also be combi boilers, system boilers, or conventional boilers, just like gas. This means that they work exactly the same as each of these models, but the only difference is that they burn oil instead of gas.

Pros and Cons of an oil boiler:

Pros:

  • Stops any heat escaping so always has better throughput and increases efficiency.
  • Can be fitted internal or external
  • Most efficient if gas isn&#;t available.
  • Commissioning at the installation increases the overall life and requires less maintenance.

Cons:

  • Oil prices fluctuate.
  • The oil boiler requires a tank underground.
  • You need to buy and store the oil that is required for heating.
  • If war breaks out, the oil will be cut off.

Biomass Boilers

Biomass boilers, also known as wood boilers, run using logs or wood pellets.

These biomass boilers generate heat in a cheap and affordable way. If you care about saving money, a biomass boiler may be the place to look.

They tend to be very energy efficient as well; they&#;re among the most sustainable options out there at the moment and an alternative to gas boilers.

Pellets tend to help these boilers run better, but logs are cheaper to buy.

Biomass boilers pros and cons:

Pros:

  • Wood pellet fuel supply is unlikely to see a price hike.
  • They are carbon neutral, and ideal for reducing carbon tax.
  • Perfect off-grid solution.
  • Renewable heat incentive payments are likely to cover the costs of your investment so that you will get it all back in the long run.

Cons:

  • More expensive than gas boilers to fit.
  • Space for fuel storage is needed outside of your home.
  • Access for the fuel delivery lorry is needed.
  • Annual servicing is required.

Which are the best types of boilers?

Choosing the best boiler type that&#;s right for you can be tricky, but knowing about all of the options above is the important first step.

From there, you should think about the size of your home, if you need a lot of hot water on demand, heat-only boiler, your energy setup if it will run off oil, electric or gas boiler, and how much available space you have.

There is a lot of rated boilers on the market with a range of different boilers to suit different people&#;s needs.

Best boiler types for central heating

The best boiler types for central heating are gas boilers. The size of your central heating system will decide how powerful your boiler is, whereas, your hot water demand will also make a difference, if you have multiple bathrooms and showers, then the system or conventional types are best.

The type of boiler you have will also affect your central heating cost per hour, so choosing the right one for you whilst also keeping the financial aspect in mind is important.

The top brands for all these boiler types are Viessmann, Worcester Bosch, Baxi, Vokera, Glow Worm and Ideal.

Can I change from one boiler type to another?

Yes, changing the boiler type is called converting a boiler.

Converting a conventional boiler to a combi boiler can benefit your home if your heating or hot water demands have changed, or you have a really old conventional boiler and a new combi boiler could easily do the same job in a much more energy-efficient way whilst removing your feed and expansion tank.

A lot of companies offer a new boiler including a home and boiler cover which keeps your warranty validated, and is included in the cost of the boiler installation.

Talk to an expert if you would like further guidance on a domestic boiler, or to get a great boiler deal, take our quick online fixed price calculator now. We have some great cheap boilers ready to go for every home. 

All new boilers from Boiler Central are available on we also offer various boiler finance options

 

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What kind of fuel does your boiler use?

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