1. To reduce friction. 4. To cool moving elements.
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2. To reduce wear. 5. To prevent corrosion.
3. To help dampen shock. 6. To seal out dirt, other contaminants.
The table lists six reasons for lubricating machines. You have examined the first reason, to reduce friction in some detail. Now consider each of the other five reasons.
2- Reducing Wear
The wearing down of machine parts is caused by friction. If you reduce friction through lubrication, you also reduce wear. The thickness of the lubricant film is important. If the film is thick enough, the two surfaces will never actually contact each other. If the film is no quite thick enough to separate the two pieces, then some of the high points will break off. In many industrial applications, the film is not thick enough to separate the moving parts completely. This is one reason why even lubricated parts do wear out.
3- Dampening Shock
The way a lubricant dampens shock is by making use of its ability to distribute pressure. A practical example of this property is found in gear lubrication. Lubricant is squeezed by the gear teeth as they mesh together. The squeezing action forces the lubricant to squirt out between clearance points in the meshed teeth.
Refer to Fig. 1-8 According to logic. If the left-handgear in Fig. 8 is the driving gear. The pressure on the lubricant should be much greater at point A than at point B. Since fluids quickly equalised any pressure differences, however, the excessive pressure is instantly drawn from A and added to B. This reduces the shock at point A.
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4- Cooling Action of lubricants
By itself, a lubricant does not have much cooling action; it prevents excessive friction so that less heat will be generated. But lubricants also carry away some heat from the points where it is generated to coolers areas, where it is then dispelled into the air.
In many systems, hot oil circulates through an oil cooler the oil cooler may simply have metal fins to radiate heat into the air, The Figure shows the path of heat flow in a pressurised lubrication system
5- Corrosion Prevention
Another useful function of lubricants is to prevent or retard rust and corrosion. A lubricant does this when it forms a protective film on metallic machine parts. The film blocks the direct contact of metal with oxygen in the air, so that the metal cannot oxidise.
6- Sealing Action of Lubricants
Lubricants serve as seals in machines in two ways. First, a lubricant can seal itself into the place where it is needed. Second, a lubricant can also seal out dirt and other contaminants from the contact areas.
A very small amount of grease at the end of the shaft is exposed to the air. It oxidises just a bit, and becomes a little stiffer than the rest of the grease. The result is a very thin skin or “scab” that forms on the exposed grease.This scab seals the grease in place and keeps dirt from entering the bearing.
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