A bending machine is suitable for bending sheet metal and shaping workpieces in sheet metal fabrication. There are many types and functions of bending machines, which can either serve as a press or a bending machine.
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Some bending machines can process sheet metal directly without the need for clamping tools, while others require clamping tools to assist with bending.
The metal sheet is secured by the clamping device and remains in place throughout the entire processing process. The bending machines can also use the bending tool to shape the metal plate and create the desired profile.
The body and tools of the bending machine must be made of special materials to ensure that they can withstand the pressure applied during processing without being damaged.
The following is a comprehensive guide to metal bending machines, which covers different types of bending machines and provides detailed operating steps and precautions, specific functions and applications of pipe bending machines, metal sheet bending machines, plate rolling machines, and press brakes.
There are several types of bending machines, including pipe bending machine, sheet metal bending machine, sheet folding machine, hydraulic bending machine, mechanical bending machine, electric servo bending machine, electric pipe bending machine, and cutting and punching machine, among others.
Pipe bender is a machine that is used for bending metal pipes and profiles into various shapes. The profiles are usually square or rectangular in shape and are made of thick metal. Bending is a stretching process that generates friction between the pipes and the bending tools.
To extend the life of the tools and the pipe bender, drawing oil can be used to reduce the resistance between the pipe and the tools. Pipe bending and manufacturing equipment are utilized for performing various operations such as bending, swaging, flaring, and crimping.
The pipe bender can bend various metal materials such as stainless steel, iron, copper, aluminum, titanium, and carbon steel. These materials have a high degree of ductility and small elastic deformation, which makes them suitable for supporting the structure of the bent section.
The pipes processed by the pipe bender have a smooth and uniform curve, with no external collapses or internal folds. The pipe is a hollow container that is widely used for transporting gas, solids, and fluids in various industrial, medical, and other equipment.
The pipe bender is mainly used for laying pipes in construction projects, such as in buildings, highways, railways, bridges, and more.
The pipe bending machine consists of the clamp die, bend die, pressure die, wiper die, and mandrel. The dies of the pipe bender are typically made of hardened steel to withstand the bending process and prevent damage.
However, tools like wiper dies are made of softer materials such as aluminum or brass to prevent damage to the pipes being bent.
Bend die
The bend dies, also known as the radius die, is a crucial part of the rotary drawing process. It holds the pipe in place and bends it during the drawing process. The shape of the bend die determines the inner radius of the bent pipe.
Clamp Die
The clamp die is used in conjunction with the bend die to hold the pipe in place and prevent it from slipping during the bending process.
Wiper die
The wiper die smoothens the surface of the bent pipe and prevents the inner radius from collapsing and the outer surface from being damaged. Made of softer materials such as aluminum or brass, the wiper die helps prevent damage to the pipes.
Pressure die
The pressure die is used to apply pressure to the pipe during the bending process, ensuring a consistent and accurate curved profile.
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Mandrel
Mandrels are used to support the bending of small-radius pipes, thin tubes, and hard materials. They work with the wiper die to prevent the pipes from wrinkling on the inside and collapsing on the outside during the bending process.
A pipe-bending machine works by applying pressure to bend pipes. The source of this pressure can be hydraulic, electric servo, pneumatic, or manual. The pipe is first clamped in place by the clamping block and forming tools and adjusted to the shape of the die.
Then, as one end of the pipe rotates and rolls around the die, it is fixed in place. There are also other methods of processing pipes through rollers to form profiles. When bending pipes, a mandrel is often inserted inside to prevent the inside of the pipe from collapsing and wrinkling.
The scraping die of the pipe bender helps maintain tension on the pipe and prevent damage when force is applied. The wiper dies, typically made of aluminum or brass, help prevent scratches on the raw material.
There are several different bending methods of bending pipes with a pipe bending machine, including press bending, rotary draw bending, compression bending, roll bending, mandrel tube bending, wiper die bending, heat induction bending, sand packing and hot slab forming, and ram bending.
Keep hands and other body parts away from the bending area during operation to avoid injury. Regularly inspect and maintain the bending machine to ensure it is in good working condition. Use appropriate protective gear, such as gloves and safety glasses.
A sheet metal bending machine is suitable for shaping sheet metal into specific profiles. The metal sheet is positioned on the lower die of the workbench and then pressed by punches to complete the bending process.
The movement of the slider, which is driven by the power system, results in the downward movement of the punch. This type of machine can bend metal sheets or pipes to any angle. If the machine is specifically designed for bending pipes, it is referred to as a pipe-bending machine.
The sheet metal bending machines are essential tools to achieve complex bending requirements, which are suitable for processing larger workpieces that other machines cannot handle. The workpiece is securely held in place by the clamping shaft, driven by the power system.
After the workpiece is fixed, the folding arm of the swing beam swings in an arc, bending the flange to the desired angle.
A pyramid-type mechanical plate bending machine is utilized for bending and forming metal plates. The bottom roller is powered by a motor and gear and can rotate. The upper roller's required bending radius can be adjusted manually up and down.
The steel plate bending machine features a double-sided pre-clamping device, with a unique structure that enables the two bottom rollers to pre-clamp the workpiece. The upper roller is fixed and pre-clamped by the two lower rollers through hydraulic cylinders.
Press brake is a type of bending machine that is used for metal forming andbending a sheet metal plate. There are various types of press brakes that are powered by different systems. The press brake has at least three shafts on the rear gauge, which allows for control over the accuracy, speed, and stroke of the machine. It is equipped with a CNC controller for precise bending. Thus, the machine can make the metal to the desired angle, which is easy to operate, and can process workpieces in bulk.
Many metal bending machines are indispensable for meeting the various bending requirements. Each type of machine has its own advantages and disadvantages, and the best machine for the job can be chosen based on the production requirements. Factors such as the required production process, output, and budget should be considered when selecting a bending machine.
As a professional sheet metal manufacturing company with over 40 years of experience, ADH Machine Tool is dedicated to providing high-quality bending machines and other sheet metal processing equipment, including shearing machines, laser cutting machines, press brakes, slotting machines, etc.
I hope the technical insights provided in this article help you achieve greater success in the metal fabrication field. If you need help selecting the right metal processing solution, please do not hesitate to contact us, and one of our sales representatives will be happy to assist you.
To choose the most suitable bending machine for a given application, you must first determine whether it will be used for tubes, bars, or profiles.
Next, you need to take into account the dimensions of the part you will be bending, i.e. the diameter and thickness of the tube, or the height and width of the bar. With these elements, you can determine the right dimensions for the rollers, the distance between them, and the size of the bending machine you need.
You also need to know the minimum bending radius and the bending angle you want to achieve. As a general rule, the minimum bending radius of a tube is 2.5 times its outside diameter, and the minimum bending radius of a bar is 3 times its cross-section. To choose the parameters of your bending machine, you need to know the bending angles you want to achieve. For example, if you choose a bending machine with rollers, it will take several cycles to obtain bending angles greater than 90°.
Of course, you also need to take into account the characteristics of the material to be bent, such as its tensile strength and elongation.
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