A common question and topic of discussion with purchasers and end users of centrifugal pumps is wear rings, most commonly wear ring clearances and materials. A centrifugal pump wear ring (or wear surface) is a close clearance device present in most (but not all) centrifugal pumps. You will see these fitted on one or both sides of the pump impeller - basically, anywhere a pressure differential exists. The primary purpose is to limit fluid leakage from the high-pressure (outlet side) of the impeller to the low-pressure side of the impeller&#;typically the impeller eye. Without the presence of the wear ring, fluid would be free to flow between these regions, and the efficiency of the pump would be significantly reduced. There are several things that guide or control wear ring material selection: Specifications: API 610 and some customers will have specifications defining acceptable wear ring materials based on their experience in a specific service. For example API 610 Table H1 identifies the wear ring materials to be used for a specific material class. (Note that API also allows certain non-metallic wear rings in accordance with Table H3). API 610 also requires that "hardenable" wear ring materials have a hardness difference of 50 Brinell between the rotating and stationary surfaces (refer to clause 6.7.2). For applications with Hydrogen Sulfide (H2S), NACE MR or MR will likely be invoked. In these cases, API 610 will limit the hardness of the rotating wear ring to less than Rockwell C (HRC) 22. Clearly, this has implications when trying to achieve a 50 Brinell differential hardness, and the pump OEM will have a specific material combination to meet these requirements (clause 6.12.1.14.1) Tribology: While the ideal state is that wear rings operate at all times with separation between the stationary and rotating surfaces, the reality is that contact between wear rings will happen. &#; Transient events such as thermal shock, water hammer, etc., can result in momentary contact &#; Rotor misalignment (from coupling loads, poor driver alignment, external piping loads, etc.) can result in varying degrees of contact &#; In most multistage pumps, the rotor wear rings will contact the stationary rings during startup and shutdown Consequently, it is important to pick wear ring materials that can tolerate at least some degree of contact. There are literally thousands of possible material combinations. The table shown here lists a few pairings and their overall scoring on key criteria: galling resistance, resistance to wear by solids, and applicability/cost to help you start the materials conversation with your pump OEM. Trillium Flow Technologies is an expert in pump material selection and can help you minimize total LCC for both your new and existing pumps. Find out more here: https://okt.to/u4F2R3.
Link to Huakai Anti-Corrosion Equipment
A common question and topic of discussion with purchasers and end users of centrifugal pumps is wear rings, most commonly wear ring clearances and materials. A centrifugal pump wear ring (or wear surface) is a close clearance device present in most (but not all) centrifugal pumps. You will see these fitted on one or both sides of the pump impeller - basically, anywhere a pressure differential exists. The primary purpose is to limit fluid leakage from the high-pressure (outlet side) of the impeller to the low-pressure side of the impeller&#;typically the impeller eye. Without the presence of the wear ring, fluid would be free to flow between these regions, and the efficiency of the pump would be significantly reduced. There are several things that guide or control wear ring material selection: Specifications: API 610 and some customers will have specifications defining acceptable wear ring materials based on their experience in a specific service. For example API 610 Table H1 identifies the wear ring materials to be used for a specific material class. (Note that API also allows certain non-metallic wear rings in accordance with Table H3). API 610 also requires that "hardenable" wear ring materials have a hardness difference of 50 Brinell between the rotating and stationary surfaces (refer to clause 6.7.2). For applications with Hydrogen Sulfide (H2S), NACE MR or MR will likely be invoked. In these cases, API 610 will limit the hardness of the rotating wear ring to less than Rockwell C (HRC) 22. Clearly, this has implications when trying to achieve a 50 Brinell differential hardness, and the pump OEM will have a specific material combination to meet these requirements (clause 6.12.1.14.1) Tribology: While the ideal state is that wear rings operate at all times with separation between the stationary and rotating surfaces, the reality is that contact between wear rings will happen. &#; Transient events such as thermal shock, water hammer, etc., can result in momentary contact &#; Rotor misalignment (from coupling loads, poor driver alignment, external piping loads, etc.) can result in varying degrees of contact &#; In most multistage pumps, the rotor wear rings will contact the stationary rings during startup and shutdown Consequently, it is important to pick wear ring materials that can tolerate at least some degree of contact. There are literally thousands of possible material combinations. The table shown here lists a few pairings and their overall scoring on key criteria: galling resistance, resistance to wear by solids, and applicability/cost to help you start the materials conversation with your pump OEM. Trillium Flow Technologies is an expert in pump material selection and can help you minimize total LCC for both your new and existing pumps. Find out more here: https://okt.to/UwISD5.
A common question and topic of discussion with purchasers and end users of centrifugal pumps is wear rings, most commonly wear ring clearances and materials. A centrifugal pump wear ring (or wear surface) is a close clearance device present in most (but not all) centrifugal pumps. You will see these fitted on one or both sides of the pump impeller - basically, anywhere a pressure differential exists. The primary purpose is to limit fluid leakage from the high-pressure (outlet side) of the impeller to the low-pressure side of the impeller&#;typically the impeller eye. Without the presence of the wear ring, fluid would be free to flow between these regions, and the efficiency of the pump would be significantly reduced. There are several things that guide or control wear ring material selection: Specifications: API 610 and some customers will have specifications defining acceptable wear ring materials based on their experience in a specific service. For example API 610 Table H1 identifies the wear ring materials to be used for a specific material class. (Note that API also allows certain non-metallic wear rings in accordance with Table H3). API 610 also requires that "hardenable" wear ring materials have a hardness difference of 50 Brinell between the rotating and stationary surfaces (refer to clause 6.7.2). For applications with Hydrogen Sulfide (H2S), NACE MR or MR will likely be invoked. In these cases, API 610 will limit the hardness of the rotating wear ring to less than Rockwell C (HRC) 22. Clearly, this has implications when trying to achieve a 50 Brinell differential hardness, and the pump OEM will have a specific material combination to meet these requirements (clause 6.12.1.14.1) Tribology: While the ideal state is that wear rings operate at all times with separation between the stationary and rotating surfaces, the reality is that contact between wear rings will happen. &#; Transient events such as thermal shock, water hammer, etc., can result in momentary contact &#; Rotor misalignment (from coupling loads, poor driver alignment, external piping loads, etc.) can result in varying degrees of contact &#; In most multistage pumps, the rotor wear rings will contact the stationary rings during startup and shutdown Consequently, it is important to pick wear ring materials that can tolerate at least some degree of contact. There are literally thousands of possible material combinations. The table shown here lists a few pairings and their overall scoring on key criteria: galling resistance, resistance to wear by solids, and applicability/cost to help you start the materials conversation with your pump OEM. Trillium Flow Technologies is an expert in pump material selection and can help you minimize total LCC for both your new and existing pumps. Find out more here: https://okt.to/t5JgTx.
A common question and topic of discussion with purchasers and end users of centrifugal pumps is wear rings, most commonly wear ring clearances and materials. A centrifugal pump wear ring (or wear surface) is a close clearance device present in most (but not all) centrifugal pumps. You will see these fitted on one or both sides of the pump impeller - basically, anywhere a pressure differential exists. The primary purpose is to limit fluid leakage from the high-pressure (outlet side) of the impeller to the low-pressure side of the impeller&#;typically the impeller eye. Without the presence of the wear ring, fluid would be free to flow between these regions, and the efficiency of the pump would be significantly reduced. There are several things that guide or control wear ring material selection: Specifications: API 610 and some customers will have specifications defining acceptable wear ring materials based on their experience in a specific service. For example API 610 Table H1 identifies the wear ring materials to be used for a specific material class. (Note that API also allows certain non-metallic wear rings in accordance with Table H3). API 610 also requires that "hardenable" wear ring materials have a hardness difference of 50 Brinell between the rotating and stationary surfaces (refer to clause 6.7.2). For applications with Hydrogen Sulfide (H2S), NACE MR or MR will likely be invoked. In these cases, API 610 will limit the hardness of the rotating wear ring to less than Rockwell C (HRC) 22. Clearly, this has implications when trying to achieve a 50 Brinell differential hardness, and the pump OEM will have a specific material combination to meet these requirements (clause 6.12.1.14.1) Tribology: While the ideal state is that wear rings operate at all times with separation between the stationary and rotating surfaces, the reality is that contact between wear rings will happen. &#; Transient events such as thermal shock, water hammer, etc., can result in momentary contact &#; Rotor misalignment (from coupling loads, poor driver alignment, external piping loads, etc.) can result in varying degrees of contact &#; In most multistage pumps, the rotor wear rings will contact the stationary rings during startup and shutdown Consequently, it is important to pick wear ring materials that can tolerate at least some degree of contact. There are literally thousands of possible material combinations. The table shown here lists a few pairings and their overall scoring on key criteria: galling resistance, resistance to wear by solids, and applicability/cost to help you start the materials conversation with your pump OEM. Trillium Flow Technologies is an expert in pump material selection and can help you minimize total LCC for both your new and existing pumps. Find out more here: https://okt.to/M1skAq.
A common question and topic of discussion with purchasers and end users of centrifugal pumps is wear rings, most commonly wear ring clearances and materials. A #centrifugal pump wear ring (or wear surface) is a close #clearance device present in most (but not all) centrifugal pumps. You will see these fitted on one or both sides of the pump impeller - basically, anywhere a pressure differential exists. The primary purpose is to limit fluid #leakage from the high-pressure (outlet side) of the impeller to the low-pressure side of the impeller&#;typically the impeller eye. Without the presence of the wear ring, fluid would be free to flow between these regions, and the efficiency of the pump would be significantly reduced. There are several things that guide or control wear ring material selection: Specifications: API 610 and some customers will have specifications defining acceptable wear ring materials based on their experience in a specific service. For example API 610 Table H1 identifies the wear ring materials to be used for a specific material class. (Note that API also allows certain non-metallic wear rings in accordance with Table H3). API 610 also requires that "hardenable" wear ring materials have a hardness difference of 50 Brinell between the rotating and stationary surfaces (refer to clause 6.7.2). For applications with Hydrogen Sulfide (H2S), NACE MR or MR will likely be invoked. In these cases, API 610 will limit the hardness of the rotating wear ring to less than Rockwell C (HRC) 22. Clearly, this has implications when trying to achieve a 50 Brinell differential hardness, and the pump OEM will have a specific material combination to meet these requirements (clause 6.12.1.14.1) Tribology: While the ideal state is that wear rings operate at all times with separation between the stationary and rotating surfaces, the reality is that contact between wear rings will happen. &#; #Transient events such as thermal shock, water hammer, etc., can result in momentary contact &#; Rotor #misalignment (from coupling loads, poor driver alignment, external piping loads, etc.) can result in varying degrees of contact &#; In most multistage pumps, the rotor wear rings will contact the stationary rings during startup and shutdown Consequently, it is important to pick wear ring materials that can tolerate at least some degree of contact. There are literally thousands of possible material combinations. The table shown here lists a few pairings and their overall scoring on key criteria: galling resistance, resistance to wear by solids, and applicability/cost to help you start the materials conversation with your pump OEM. Trillium Flow Technologies is an expert in pump material selection and can help you minimize total LCC for both your new and existing pumps. Find out more here: https://okt.to/EKqWgA.
Top 5 Mistakes using Metal in O & P (that I have made) We use Aluminum, Steel, and Titanium as well as other metals on a daily basis, but we need to optimize performance. You would think that as an engineer I would know better, but real-life teaches you much more! 1) Using Loctite: Aluminum exhibits cold flow or creep by slowly deforming under mechanical stress over time so it isn't the best for holding threads. Like a good friend, Loctite compensates as a fixative, lubricant, and sealant. Most of us know that Loctite uses cyanoacrylate like superglue (with Saccharine as an initiator) to hold the screw in place. Aluminum and steel are naturally "sticky" and exhibit galling, so the tendency is for the first thread to take all of the load. This is why we need the black Iron Oxide coating and Loctite as a lubricant. Loctite is also a sealant to keep water out the threads that cause corrosion. Have ever seen orange and white power in tube clamps and pylons, this is because moisture got in there are allowed the galvanic corrosion to occur. 2) Use the Torque Wrench: Have you ever seen sparks and smelled gunpowder when loosening a screw? This happens when no Loctite was used. The screw was cold-welded to the Aluminum. When unscrewed, you break the weld and the iron oxide is burning! Torquing 15Nm/11ft-lbs is seen as &#;dental flossing;&#; like going the "extra mile," but it is critical for the design! One of my friends uses the &#;two-grunt-torque-wrench,&#; meaning he tightens it to the &#;first grunt&#; resistance, then secures with an &#;all-out-hammer-grunt.&#; So under-torquing isn&#;t really the issue, but over torquing is. I measured torquing &#;by feel,&#; and found that it was often 2X or more than recommended! 3) Replace Pylons: Pylons and other components are tested for 3 million cycles. According to an NIH the average US adult takes around about 4,774 steps daily (Tudor-Locke, ). That means 1,248,118 steps/year for the prosthesis or 2-3 years of use. Anecdotally pylons are used much longer! Replace, if scratched or pitted. I found just a 1" scratch caused a pylon to fail at 300K! 4) Metal Drill bits vs. Wood Drills bits: Have you ever heard a SCREEEECH when drilling into steel; then the drill breaks? This is when I used a wood drill bit for steel. The carbon from the bit leaches into the steel and the heat & force from the drill on metal hardens into one! You should use drills with gold Ti-N (Titanium-Nitride) coating at a slow speeds and drill oil to prevent this! 5) Hacksaw to shorten a Foot bolt: I had to remove ½&#; from a foot bolt and used a grinding wheel. Sure, I felt like &#;the village blacksmith&#; as I dunked it in water, but I decreased the strength of the metal by 60%! This is because the metal got cherry red. Wen I dunked it in water I froze the crystalline structure in a weaker state. Secure the foot bolt with a vice; use the side of the vice as a guide for the hacksaw; then grind a chamfer. Hopefully, my mistakes can save your day!
Mechanical Seal It is a device used to prevent fluid leakage between two parts in rotating equipment, such as pumps or compressors, by creating a seal between the rotating shaft and the stationary casing. Key Parts of a Mechanical Seal: 1.Primary Sealing Faces: Rotating Face (Primary Sealing): This part rotates with the shaft and is typically made of hard materials like carbon, ceramic, or silicon carbide. Stationary Face (Mating Ring): This remains fixed and is positioned against the rotating face. It is made of durable, wear-resistant materials like stainless steel, ceramic, or tungsten carbide. 2.Secondary Seals: O-Rings or Gaskets**: These seals prevent leakage between the primary sealing components and their housing. They are typically made from elastomers (like rubber or PTFE). 3.Spring (or Multiple Springs): The spring pushes the two primary sealing faces together to maintain contact, ensuring the seal remains tight. Depending on the design, mechanical seals can have single springs, multiple springs, or wave springs. 4.Shaft Sleeve: A protective sleeve over the rotating shaft that prevents wear from the seal. The mechanical seal is installed around this sleeve. 5.Gland Plate or Housing: This holds the stationary part of the seal in place and is mounted to the pump casing. 6.Drive Mechanism: Drive Collar: Transfers the rotational movement of the shaft to the rotating seal face. Drive Pins/Keys: These are used to engage the rotating face with the shaft to ensure proper rotation. Working Principle: The rotating and stationary faces are the critical components. When the shaft rotates, the primary and stationary sealing faces are in close contact, with a very thin film of liquid between them to prevent friction. This film lubricates the faces, prevents excessive wear, and keeps the process fluid from leaking out. If the seal breaks down, fluid can escape, which is why it's important to maintain proper lubrication and pressure on the faces. Mechanical seals are used to replace older packing seals and offer a more reliable, efficient, and durable solution, with less maintenance and reduced leakage.
Corrosion-resistant centrifugal pumps are chemical centrifugal pumps suitable for transporting various corrosive liquids such as strong acids, alkalis, salts, and strong oxidants at any concentration. Commonly used materials are non-metallic materials, such as fluoroplastics. The shell is lined with a metal shell. Polyperfluoroethylene propylene (FEP) and flow parts are all made of plastic alloy (PTFE, FEP). When we are purchasing fluoroplastic corrosion-resistant centrifugal pumps, pump manufacturers will generally ask you whether you want F4 material or F46 material? So how to distinguish these two raw materials?
From the point of temperature resistance:
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The material of the corrosion-resistant centrifugal pump F4 is PTFE, the Chinese name: polytetrafluoroethylene, which is an engineering plastic, it has a wide range of high and low temperature use, excellent chemical stability, high electrical insulation, and non-sticky surface. Good lubricity, resistance to atmospheric aging, non-combustibility and self-extinguishing. The relative density is 2.1-2.3, and the glass transition temperature is 327 degrees. Non-stick coatings can be used continuously at 260°C, with a maximum use temperature of 290-300°C, extremely low friction coefficient, good wear resistance and excellent chemical stability. It is widely used in high-temperature (continuous use below 260&#;) high-frequency insulation, corrosion-resistant wire and cable, micro-coaxial cable, industrial control cable, and insulated casing wrapped wire.
The material of the corrosion-resistant centrifugal pump F46 is FEP, and the Chinese name is polyperfluoroethylene propylene, which is a modified material of polytetrafluoroethylene. F46 not only has the similar characteristics of PTFE, but also has good processing properties of thermoplastics. The non-stick coating melts and flows during baking to form a non-porous film. It has excellent chemical stability and excellent non-stick characteristics. The maximum use temperature is 200°C. It is mainly used in the coating and sheath of high insulation, high temperature resistance, corrosion resistance wire and cable. It can be used continuously below 200 &#; in a wide temperature and frequency range. It has a very low dielectric constant, dielectric loss and very low dielectric constant. High dielectric strength. Can not burn in the air (limiting oxygen index>95%, UL94 flame extremely V-0)
The temperature resistance range of F46 is -200&#;~270&#;, and the temperature resistance range of F4 is -200&#;~280&#;.
From the color point:
F4 is white and opaque, and F46 is off-white and translucent.
Distinguish from the nature:
PTFE (F4) is polytetrafluoroethylene, which has good temperature resistance and corrosion resistance, and can withstand corrosion by any medium. The color is absolutely white. It is generally used for fluorine-lined pipes, valves, seals, rods, etc., FEP (F46) It is polyperfluoroethylene propylene, the color is transparent, and the corrosion resistance is equivalent to PTFE. It is generally used for fluorine-lined pumps or perfluorinated pumps.
Both F4 and F46 have strong corrosion resistance and chemical stability. The physical properties of F4 material are harder than F46, and the temperature resistance is higher than F46, about 200 degrees, but F4 is more difficult to form, so many parts with complex shapes They are all made with F46. The two are used together to increase abrasion resistance.
FEP (F46) is cheaper, PTFE (F4) is more expensive. Therefore, the corrosion resistance of F4 material is not as good as that of F46. If it is a liquid with strong acid and alkali, we would better choose F46 material.
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