Post -tensioning is a method of reinforcing concrete or other materials with high strength steel strands or bars, typically referred to as tendons .Post- tensioning applications include office and apartment buildings ,parking structures, slabs on ground, bridges ,sports stadiums, rock and soil anchors and water tanks.
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Concrete is very strong in compression and weak in tension. That is, it will crack when forces act to pull it apart .In conventional concrete construction, if a load such as the cars in a parking garage is applied to a slab and beam, the beam will tend to deflect or sag. This deflection will cause the bottom of the beam to elongate slightly .Even a slight elongation is usually enough to cause cracking .Steel reinforcement bars are typically embedded in the concrete as tensile reinforcement to limit the crack widths. Rebar is called passive reinforcement, however it does not carry any force until the concrete has already deflected enough to crack. Post tensioning tendons on the other hand are considered active reinforcing .Because it is pre-stressed, the steel is effective as reinforcement even though the concrete may not be cracked .Post tensioned structures can be designed to have minimal deflection and cracking, even under full load.
Post -tensioned concrete slabs in buildings have many advantages over reinforced concrete slabs and other structural systems for both single and multi-level structures.
· Fewer joints are needed as it reduces or eliminates shrinkage cracking.
· It ensures, cracks are held tightly together, if any.
· It allows the slabs and other structural members to be thinner.
· It allows us to build slabs on expansive or soft soils.
· It lets us design longer spans in elevated members, like floors and beams.
· Post tension slabs are excellent ways to construct stronger structures at an affordable price.
· Longer spans and fewer columns give flexibility, in floor layouts in office /residential buildings etc.
· Improved crack control and waterproofing properties – especially beneficial for parking garages and balconies.
· Lower overall maintenance and life cycle costs of the structure.
· Deceased dead load reduces rebar and concrete in columns and foundations.
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There is a definite trend towards large spans in buildings due to the fact that it is imperative to provide large uninterrupted floor space, resulting in higher revenues from the real estate space. Post tensioning is an economical way for achieving longer spans.
Most high rise buildings use post tensioning due to the advantages it provides over the traditional system, and the current level of demand for post- tensioned products and services is linked closely with high rises.
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There are two reasons why builders used post tensions slabs during the construction of a home or building.
A post tension slab is reinforced with stranded steel cables that are tensioned (tightened) after the concrete hardens. The cables are slid inside a plastic sheathing, like a wrapping. This prevents the cables from touching the concrete. When the concrete has sufficiently cured, the plastic sheathing is stretched. Stretching the post-tensioned cables applies significant force to the concrete system, lifting the slab into a compressed state, which reduces shrinkage cracks and cracks caused by difficult soil conditions.
One of the biggest problems with a post tension slab is cracks. The cables laying in the concrete are generally not tightened until at least 7-10 days after the concrete is poured. Since the cables are not stretched or elongated, they cannot provide any crack control in those first few days.
Another reason for cracks is when a vehicle or another large object is placed upon the structure, and its concrete slab undergoes tension. To solve this problem, post tensioned steel tendons are placed when the concrete is poured and tensioned after with conventional reinforced bars.
A second issue with post tension slabs is that the footings anchor the foundation in place. The tension required to bind the additional concrete in the footings plus the dirt between the footings can’t be met.
Defects such as slab cracks can be costly to repair after construction is finished. Picture ripping up flooring or carpet to repair a small crack you may never notice. Trying to fix cracks can be time-consuming and expensive. Depending on the extent of damage, a family may have to leave their home while the work is being done. Talk about prices adding up.
Learn more about – Concrete slab cracks in Florida home.
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